{"product_id":"chalcolithic-and-early-bronze-age-economies-of-mesopotamia-9781009670722","title":"Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Economies of Mesopotamia: 4th and 3rd Millennia BCE","description":"The Element reconstructs economic developments in the crucial phase of State formation in Mesopotamia, from the 4th to early 3rd  millennium BCE, trying to understand how interrelating environmental, social, economic, and political factors in the two main areas of Mesopotamia profoundly changed the structures of societies and transformed the relations between social components, giving rise to increasing inequality and strengthening political institutions. The interrelation between economic changes and state formation and urbanization is analyzed. Mesopotamia represents a foundational case study to understand the processes that transformed the function of economy from being an instrument to satisfy community needs to become a means of producing “wealth” for privileged categories. These processes varied in characteristics and timescales depending on environmental conditions and organizational forms. But wherever they took place, far-reaching changes occurred resulting in emergent hierarchies and new political systems. Reflecting on these changes highlights phenomena still affecting our societies today.\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication date:\u003c\/strong\u003e 11 June 2026\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePage count:\u003c\/strong\u003e 100\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cambridge University Press\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Hardback\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9781009670722\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Lucia Mori","offers":[{"title":"Hardback","offer_id":50170226802938,"sku":"9781009670722","price":55.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0522\/4297\/2845\/files\/9781009670722.jpg?v=1787620994","url":"https:\/\/shulphink.com\/products\/chalcolithic-and-early-bronze-age-economies-of-mesopotamia-9781009670722","provider":"Shulph Ink","version":"1.0","type":"link"}