{"product_id":"how-germans-and-russians-made-their-orthographies-dealing-with-the-spelling-distress-9781666924114","title":"How Germans and Russians Made Their Orthographies: Dealing With the \"Spelling Distress\"","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003eDealing With the \"Spelling Distress\" explores the origins of attitudes towards misspelling in German and Russian societies of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, tracing the unification and codification of spelling rules and the repressive attitude towards errors. The book highlights the challenges of the industrial revolution, political reaction, and the development of national school systems as critical contexts for the development of such attitudes. In Russia, the borrowing of Prussian models during the school reform of the 1860s played a key role in establishing a similar repressive attitude towards spelling mistakes. \u003c\/blockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormat\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unspecified\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLength\u003c\/strong\u003e: 334 pages\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublication date\u003c\/strong\u003e: 15 November 2023\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lexington Books\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere is the provided text rewritten in 130% to 150% more words and arranged in paragraphs with html tags and without including the prompt in the result:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch1\u003eGermans and Russians Made Their Orthographies: Dealing With the \"Spelling Distress\"\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe first social constructionist study of spelling norms and spelling mistakes, \"Dealing With the \"Spelling Distress\"\" by Kirill Levinson, traces the origins of such attitudes in German and Russian societies of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Analyzing publications and archival sources, the book illustrates how the unification and codification of spelling rules in Germany and repressive attitude to errors were the result of the increased value ascribed to accuracy, unambiguity, and error-freeness in the economy and everyday life. The critical context to the development of such attitudes can be found in the challenges of the industrial revolution, the political reaction following 1848 upheavals, and the development of national school systems that used formalized grading and combined the academic training and moral education of schoolchildren. In Russia, the borrowing of Prussian models during the school reform of the 1860s played a key role to a similar repressive attitude towards spelling mistakes. The rigorous orthographic regime established in the second half of the nineteenth century persisted for many decades, even though alternative solutions were proposed to overcome the significant problems that the inconsistencies of German and Russian orthographies posed: optimizing the rules to make them easier to learn and follow, moving from alphabetical writing to shorthand, and liberalizing school.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight\u003c\/strong\u003e: 662g\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimension\u003c\/strong\u003e: 237 x 157 x 24 (mm)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISBN-13\u003c\/strong\u003e: 9781666924114\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kirill Levinson","offers":[{"title":"Unspecified","offer_id":44842354475258,"sku":"9781666924114","price":101.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0522\/4297\/2845\/products\/1701454184853_book.jpg?v=1701689480","url":"https:\/\/shulphink.com\/products\/how-germans-and-russians-made-their-orthographies-dealing-with-the-spelling-distress-9781666924114","provider":"Shulph Ink","version":"1.0","type":"link"}