L'intersection entre les conditions socio-economiques et la radicalisation des jeunes: Implications pour la programmation dans les pays du G5 Sahel

This study finds that the drivers of radicalization in the Sahel are geographically specific and linked to community expectations, with the decision to join an armed group influenced by social and economic factors.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 83 pages
Publication date: 30 September 2022
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

This comprehensive study, which encompasses a thorough review of over 50 studies on radicalisation in the Sahel region, along with evidence derived from programmes implemented in the area, reveals a profound insight into the drivers of radicalisation. It emerges that the factors contributing to this phenomenon are geographically distinct, with each region exhibiting its unique set of dynamics. Furthermore, the decision to join an armed group is intricately linked to community expectations, shaping individuals' trajectories and reinforcing social norms.

The study highlights the importance of understanding these drivers and their geographical variations to develop effective strategies for countering radicalisation. It underscores the need for tailored approaches that address the specific contextual factors contributing to radicalisation in each region. By recognising the interconnectedness between community expectations and the decision to join armed groups, policymakers and practitioners can work towards fostering a more inclusive and peaceful society.

Geographically Specific Drivers of Radicalisation:

The Sahel region, spanning countries such as Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Chad, is characterised by its diverse geography, complex social structures, and historical legacies. These factors contribute to the specific drivers of radicalisation in the region.

One significant driver is the presence of marginalised communities, particularly those living in rural areas and facing economic, social, and political marginalisation. These communities may feel disenfranchised and excluded from mainstream society, leading to feelings of frustration and resentment. The lack of access to basic services, education, and employment opportunities further exacerbates their grievances, making them more susceptible to extremist ideologies.

Another driver is the influence of religious extremism. The Sahel region is known for its religious diversity, with various faiths coexisting peacefully. However, some religious groups, particularly those with a more conservative interpretation of Islam, have been accused of promoting extremist ideologies and fostering a sense of religious superiority. This can lead to tensions and conflicts between different religious communities, further escalating radicalisation.

Additionally, the Sahel region has been plagued by political instability, corruption, and poor governance. This lack of accountability and transparency can create a sense of hopelessness and frustration among the population, leading some individuals to turn to extremist groups for a sense of purpose and empowerment.

Community Expectations and the Decision to Join Armed Groups:

Understanding the relationship between community expectations and the decision to join armed groups is crucial in countering radicalisation. Community expectations play a significant role in shaping individuals' perceptions and actions, influencing their decision to join armed groups.

In many communities in the Sahel region, joining an armed group is seen as a means of asserting dominance, gaining respect, and protecting one's community from external threats. This perception is often reinforced by the perception that the state is unable or unwilling to provide security and justice. Additionally, the allure of financial rewards and the opportunity for personal advancement can also drive individuals to join armed groups.

Furthermore, community expectations can contribute to the perpetuation of radicalisation. When individuals see their peers and community members joining armed groups, they may feel pressured to follow suit to maintain social cohesion and preserve their identity. This can create a cycle of radicalisation, where individuals are drawn to extremist ideologies and actions due to social and cultural pressures.

Countering Radicalisation Strategies:

To address the drivers of radicalisation in the Sahel region, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach. This includes:

Promoting social inclusion and economic development: Providing access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities to marginalised communities can help reduce their frustration and resentment, reducing their susceptibility to extremist ideologies.

Fostering interfaith dialogue and understanding: Encouraging dialogue and understanding between different religious communities can help promote tolerance and reduce tensions that may lead to radicalisation.

Strengthening the capacity of the state: Building the capacity of the state to provide security, justice, and governance can help address the underlying causes of radicalisation, such as political instability and corruption.

Countering extremist messaging: Implementing counter-extremist messaging campaigns can help challenge extremist ideologies and promote alternative narratives that promote peace and social cohesion.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this comprehensive study highlights the geographically specific drivers of radicalisation in the Sahel region and the intricate link between community expectations and the decision to join armed groups. By understanding these factors and adopting tailored strategies, policymakers and practitioners can work towards countering radicalisation and fostering a more inclusive and peaceful society. The promotion of social inclusion, interfaith dialogue, and the strengthening of the state's capacity are crucial steps in addressing the drivers of radicalisation and building a more resilient and prosperous Sahel region.

Dimension: 210 x 297 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9789251362327