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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Access by consumers to essential services: energy, water and sanitation

Access by consumers to essential services: energy, water and sanitation

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  • More about Access by consumers to essential services: energy, water and sanitation


The report aims to provide policy makers with background on the emerging trends and considerations for inclusive and affordable access to water, sanitation, and energy services. It provides an overview of international policy frameworks, network services, competitive markets, and policy options for sustainability.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 45 pages
Publication date: 30 November 2022
Publisher: United Nations


The present report aims to provide policy makers with a comprehensive understanding of the emerging trends, considerations, and policy options related to inclusive and affordable access to essential services, particularly water, sanitation, energy, and network services.

In order to achieve this objective, the report is structured into five chapters. Chapter one provides an introduction to the topic, highlighting the importance of inclusive and affordable access to essential services for social and economic development. Chapter two provides an overview of the international policy frameworks, including the Guidelines for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Chapter three explores the features of water, sanitation, energy, and network services and their alignment with the consumer protection framework of inclusivity, affordability, and rights. Chapter four examines the role of competitive markets and the interplay between competition policy and the regularization of the informal sector. Chapter five presents a range of policy options in the context of sustainability, including demand-side efficiencies, supply-side interventions, and fiscal options for demand reduction.

A brief conclusion follows, summarizing the key policy considerations and recommendations outlined in the report.

In conclusion, the present report provides a valuable resource for policy makers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in promoting inclusive and affordable access to essential services. By highlighting the emerging trends, considerations, and policy options, the report aims to contribute to the development of effective strategies and policies that can ensure that all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status, have access to quality water, sanitation, energy, and network services.


Dimension: 300 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9789211130331

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