Alkaline Rocks, Kimberlites and Carbonatites: Geochemistry and Genesis: Proceedings of the XV International Seminar "Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes", 1-7 September 2019, Russia, Saki.

The proceedings book explores the fundamental problems of deep magmatism, including the source of massive apatite and rare metal deposits, the composition of kimberlites, and the crystallochemical features of rare and complex silicates.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 262 pages
Publication date: 30 May 2022
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland AG

This proceedings book represents a comprehensive collection of conference papers that delve into the intricate aspects of deep magmatism. Enriched mantle reservoirs have the potential to yield some of the largest and most valuable deposits of apatite and rare metals. Furthermore, this book showcases valuable insights into the composition of kimberlites, particularly from the deep Yubileinaya pipe, as well as the mineralogical characteristics of the Nakyn kimberlite field in Yakutia, Russia. Additionally, it explores the crystallochemical features of rare and complex silicates found in charoite rocks from the deep Murunskii massif in South Africa and the comendites in Mongolia.

The study of deep magmatism encompasses a wide range of topics, including the formation and evolution of magma chambers, the composition and properties of magma, and the processes that drive the eruption of magma. By understanding these complex processes, scientists can better predict the occurrence and distribution of volcanic eruptions, as well as the formation of mineral deposits.

One of the key insights gained from the study of deep magmatism is the importance of enriched mantle reservoirs in the formation of large apatite and rare metal deposits. These reservoirs, which are found in the Earth's mantle, are rich in minerals such as phosphate, magnesium, and iron, which are essential for the formation of these valuable minerals. The process of magma formation involves the melting of the mantle, which is driven by heat and pressure. As the magma rises to the surface, it cools and solidifies, forming different types of igneous rocks, including kimberlites and basaltic rocks.

Kimberlites are a type of igneous rock that is formed by the eruption of magma from a depth of approximately 100 kilometers to 200 kilometers below the Earth's surface. These rocks are characterized by their high content of apatite, a phosphate mineral that is often used in the production of jewelry and other valuable materials. Kimberlites are also known for their distinctive crystal structure, which is caused by the rapid cooling and solidification of the magma.

The composition of kimberlites can vary depending on the source of the magma and the conditions under which it is formed. For example, kimberlites from the East African Rift Valley, which are formed by the melting of the mantle, are typically rich in calcium, sodium, and potassium, while those from the Pacific Ring of Fire, which are formed by the melting of the subducted oceanic crust, are rich in magnesium and iron.

Another important aspect of deep magmatism is the study of the mineralogical characteristics of kimberlites and other igneous rocks. Mineralogical studies can provide insights into the processes that drive the formation of these rocks, as well as the conditions under which they are formed. For example, the study of the crystal structure of kimberlites can help scientists understand the mechanisms that drive the formation of mineral deposits, such as the formation of veins and fractures.

In addition to kimberlites, deep magmatism also involves the study of other igneous rocks, such as basaltic rocks and volcanic rocks. Basaltic rocks are formed by the eruption of magma from a depth of approximately 10 kilometers to 30 kilometers below the Earth's surface. These rocks are characterized by their high content of silica, which is essential for the formation of glass and other materials. Volcanic rocks, on the other hand, are formed by the eruption of magma from the Earth's surface. These rocks are characterized by their high content of volcanic gases, such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, which can cause significant environmental damage.

The study of deep magmatism also involves the exploration of mineral deposits, particularly those of apatite and rare metals. These deposits are often found in association with igneous rocks, particularly kimberlites and basaltic rocks. The exploration of these deposits can be challenging, as they are often located in remote and inaccessible locations. However, advances in technology, such as remote sensing and drilling, have made it possible to explore these deposits more effectively.

One of the most significant mineral deposits found in association with igneous rocks is the Olympic Dam copper-gold-uranium deposit in South Australia. This deposit is located in the western part of the state and is associated with the Olympic Dam basaltic rock formation. The Olympic Dam deposit is one of the largest and most valuable copper-gold-uranium deposits in the world, and it has been the source of significant economic benefits for the region.

Another important mineral deposit found in association with igneous rocks is the Musgrave Block nickel-copper-platinum deposit in Western Australia. This deposit is located in the Pilbara region and is associated with the Musgrave Block basaltic rock formation. The Musgrave Block deposit is one of the largest and most valuable nickel-copper-platinum deposits in the world, and it has been the source of significant economic benefits for the region.

In conclusion, the study of deep magmatism is a fundamental aspect of geology that provides insights into the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust. By understanding the processes that drive the formation of igneous rocks, such as kimberlites and basaltic rocks, scientists can better predict the occurrence and distribution of volcanic eruptions, as well as the formation of mineral deposits. The exploration of these deposits can also provide significant economic benefits for the regions in which they are located.

Weight: 421g
Dimension: 235 x 155 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9783030696726
Edition number: 1st ed. 2021