Autism Spectrum Disorders: Characteristics, Causes and Practical Issues

The historical foundations of autism, the autistic spectrum, and behavioral patterns are explored in this text, along with the latest thinking regarding diagnosis, assessment, education, and care. It provides a strong practical focus, encompassing the latest research on autistic spectrum disorders, with new features such as further reading suggestions, glossary of technical terms, and updated information on autism support services.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 376 pages
Publication date: 25 March 2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd

The historical foundations of autism and the concept of the "autistic spectrum" are complex and multifaceted. While there is no single definitive explanation for the origins of autism, researchers have proposed various theories to shed light on its development. Some of these theories focus on genetic factors, while others emphasize environmental and neurological factors.

One of the key theoretical bases for understanding the behavioral patterns of people with autism is the concept of "autism spectrum disorder." This term encompasses a wide range of symptoms and abilities, ranging from mild to severe. Individuals on the autistic spectrum may have difficulties with social communication, sensory processing, and repetitive behaviors.

To better understand the behavioral patterns of people with autism, it is important to consider the various theoretical bases that have been proposed. One of the most influential theories is the "social-communication hypothesis," which suggests that individuals with autism have impairments in social communication and interaction. This may result in difficulties with understanding nonverbal cues, initiating and maintaining social relationships, and engaging in reciprocal social interactions.

Another important theoretical base is the "neurodevelopmental hypothesis," which proposes that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises during the early stages of brain development. This theory suggests that genetic factors and environmental factors may interact to influence the development of the brain and lead to the emergence of autism spectrum disorder.

In addition to these theoretical bases, there are also various approaches to understanding the behavioral patterns of people with autism. One approach is the "behavioral analysis" approach, which focuses on identifying and modifying the behaviors that are causing difficulties for individuals with autism. This approach may involve the use of positive reinforcement, behavior modification techniques, and other interventions to help individuals improve their social skills, communication, and behavior.

Another approach is the "biological approach," which focuses on understanding the biological mechanisms that may underlie the development of autism. This approach may involve the use of genetic testing, brain imaging, and other technologies to identify specific biological markers that may be associated with autism.

The latest thinking regarding the diagnosis of autism is that there is no single test that can definitively diagnose the disorder. Instead, a comprehensive evaluation that includes a combination of clinical observations, psychological testing, and genetic testing may be necessary. This evaluation can help identify the specific symptoms and abilities that are present in an individual with autism and provide a diagnosis that is accurate and reliable.

In terms of assessment, education, and care for people on the autistic spectrum, there are a variety of strategies that can be effective. One approach is the "individualized education program" (IEP), which is designed to meet the unique needs of each individual with autism. This program may include specialized instruction, sensory integration therapy, and other interventions that are tailored to the individual's needs.

Another approach is the "supportive environment," which involves creating a supportive and inclusive environment that is conducive to the development and growth of individuals with autism. This may include providing access to sensory toys, equipment, and materials, as well as implementing social skills training and other interventions to help individuals improve their social communication and interaction skills.

In addition to these strategies, there are also a variety of resources and support services available for individuals with autism and their families. These resources may include advocacy organizations, support groups, and educational programs that provide information, support, and guidance to individuals and families.

In conclusion, the historical foundations of autism and the concept of the "autistic spectrum" are complex and multifaceted. While there is no single definitive explanation for the origins of autism, researchers have proposed various theories to shed light on its development. The theoretical bases for understanding the behavioral patterns of people with autism include the social-communication hypothesis, the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, and the behavioral analysis approach. In terms of diagnosis, assessment, education, and care, there are a variety of strategies that can be effective, including the individualized education program, the supportive environment, and the use of resources and support services. By understanding the theoretical bases and implementing effective strategies, individuals with autism and their families can receive the support and resources they need to thrive.

Weight: 648g
Dimension: 169 x 244 x 23 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781529744651
Edition number: 3 Revised edition