Being and Freedom

Being and Freedom is a comprehensive account of ethics in Europe from the French Revolution to the end of the nineteenth century, examining the philosophical conflict between individualism and holistic ethics, the reactions to French and German revolutions, and the synthesis of European themes by John Stuart Mill.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 560 pages
Publication date: 01 February 2024
Publisher: Oxford University Press

"Being and Freedom" is a comprehensive exploration of ethics in Europe from the French Revolution to the end of the nineteenth century. During this time, ethics exerted a profound influence that extended far beyond the realm of philosophy, eventually permeating politics and religion in the Western world. This period witnessed significant developments originating from France, Germany, and Britain, making it the first book to treat these countries collectively as a Europe-wide phenomenon. It pays close attention to the contextual backdrop of events and ideas that gave rise to these developments.

The book begins by delving into the philosophical conflict that played a central role in the French Revolution. At the heart of this conflict lies the clash between individualism, championed by the Enlightenment, and two distinct forms of holistic ethics: the traditional ethic of service associated with the old regime and the radical-democratic philosophy of the Rousseauian left. A series of French liberal thinkers responded to this philosophical dilemma, offering insights into the nature of freedom and modern social relations.

In Germany, the reaction to the French Revolution and Kant's philosophical revolution was marked by two significant revolutions. The political revolution in France and the philosophical revolution of Kant, in particular, had profound implications for the fate of religion and the metaphysics of being and freedom. Skorupski traces this narrative from Kant to Hegel's idealist version of ethical holism, highlighting the critical role that religion played in shaping these philosophical ideas.

In Britain, the prevailing framework during this period was Enlightenment naturalism, which took various forms. Common sense and the theory of the sentiments in Scotland, utilitarianism in England, and a synthesis of European themes by John Stuart Mill emerged. Mill's ethical philosophy, while comparable in scope to Hegel's, diverged in its approach. The final chapter of the book assesses the ethical ideas prevalent during this period, recognizing their enduring significance in late modern ethics and the ongoing debates and disagreements that surround them.

In conclusion, "Being and Freedom" offers a rich and detailed account of ethics in Europe during a pivotal period of history. By examining the philosophical conflicts, historical events, and philosophical developments, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of ethical thought in Europe and its impact on the broader world. It serves as a valuable resource for scholars, students, and anyone interested in exploring the complex interplay of ethics, politics, and religion in the nineteenth century.

Weight: 994g
Dimension: 245 x 170 x 30 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780198913696