Benefits and Challenges of Small Modular Fast Reactors: Proceedings of a Technical Meeting

There is growing interest in small and medium-sized or modular reactors (SMRs) in the power-producing nuclear reactor market. This publication provides an overview of the different concepts of fast SMRs, highlighting their technological, economic, and safety potential, and considering the parameters that contribute to the final cost of the plant.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 360 pages
Publication date: 30 October 2021
Publisher: IAEA

The global market for power-producing nuclear reactors is witnessing a significant surge in interest towards small and medium-sized or modular reactors (SMRs). These compact reactors offer several advantages, including the ability to be assembled in-factory, transported by ship or train, swiftly installed on-site, and seamlessly connected to the electricity grid, thereby significantly reducing the financial burden of investment. This comprehensive publication, the result of a technical meeting, provides a detailed overview of various concepts of fast SMRs, emphasizing their technological, economic, and safety potential, as well as the innovative systems associated with them. While the primary focus lies in innovative reactor solutions aimed at enhancing safety and simplifying design, the parameters that influence the final cost of the plant are also taken into account.

SMRs are characterized by their modular design, which allows for the efficient production of power in a smaller footprint. This scalability enables the deployment of SMRs in diverse settings, including remote areas, urban centers, and military installations, where conventional large-scale nuclear reactors may not be feasible. The compact nature of SMRs also facilitates easier transportation and installation, reducing the logistical challenges associated with large nuclear projects.

One of the key advantages of SMRs is their short construction time. Traditional nuclear reactor construction can take several years, often spanning decades. In contrast, SMRs can be built in a fraction of that time, typically within a few years. This rapid construction timeline translates into significant cost savings for investors and reduces the time required for power generation.

Furthermore, SMRs are designed with safety as a top priority. They incorporate advanced safety features and systems, such as passive cooling systems, emergency shutdown mechanisms, and redundant safety systems, to minimize the risk of accidents and ensure the safe operation of the plant. These safety features contribute to the overall reliability and stability of SMRs, providing peace of mind to stakeholders.

In terms of economic viability, SMRs offer several advantages. They are characterized by lower capital costs compared to large-scale nuclear reactors, making them more affordable for developing countries and regions seeking to expand their energy infrastructure. Additionally, SMRs have a shorter operating cycle, resulting in higher energy output and lower operating costs per unit of energy produced. This economic competitiveness makes SMRs an attractive option for countries looking to diversify their energy mix and reduce their dependence on fossil fuels.

Moreover, SMRs can play a significant role in addressing climate change. Nuclear power is a carbon-free energy source, and SMRs, in particular, offer a low-emission alternative to fossil fuels. By generating electricity without releasing greenhouse gas emissions, SMRs can help mitigate the impact of climate change and promote a sustainable future.

Despite the numerous benefits of SMRs, there are also challenges and considerations to be addressed. One of the key challenges is the management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). SNF is a byproduct of nuclear power generation, and its safe and long-term disposal is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. SMRs, being smaller in size, may require innovative and cost-effective solutions for SNF management, such as recycling or reprocessing.

Another challenge is the regulatory framework and public perception. Building and operating nuclear reactors requires strict regulatory oversight and public trust. SMRs may face additional scrutiny and public opposition due to their perceived risks and uncertainties. It is crucial for governments and industry stakeholders to work together to address these concerns and promote public understanding of the safety and benefits of SMRs.

In conclusion, the growing interest in SMRs in the global market for power-producing nuclear reactors reflects their potential to revolutionize the way we generate electricity. With their modular design, short construction time, enhanced safety features, and economic viability, SMRs offer a promising solution for meeting the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy. However, it is important to address the challenges and considerations outlined above to fully realize the benefits of SMRs and ensure their safe and successful deployment.

Weight: 964g
Dimension: 213 x 298 x 23 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9789201240217