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United Nations: Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights

Berkeley Protocol on digital open source investigations: a practical guide on the effective use of digital open source information in investigating violations of international criminal, human rights and humanitarian law

Berkeley Protocol on digital open source investigations: a practical guide on the effective use of digital open source information in investigating violations of international criminal, human rights and humanitarian law

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  • More about Berkeley Protocol on digital open source investigations: a practical guide on the effective use of digital open source information in investigating violations of international criminal, human rights and humanitarian law


The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations is a set of international standards for conducting online research of alleged violations of international criminal, human rights, and humanitarian law. It provides guidance on methodologies and procedures for gathering, analyzing, and preserving digital information in a professional, legal, and ethical manner, and sets out measures to protect the digital, physical, and psychosocial safety of investigators and others who risk their well-being to document war crimes and human rights violations.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 99 pages
Publication date: 30 November 2022
Publisher: United Nations


The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations is a comprehensive framework that establishes international standards for conducting online research into alleged violations of international criminal, human rights, and humanitarian law. It offers valuable guidance on methodologies and procedures for effectively gathering, analyzing, and preserving digital information in a professional, legal, and ethical manner.

The Protocol emphasizes the importance of safeguarding the digital, physical, and psychosocial safety of online investigators, as well as witnesses, victims, and first responders who risk their well-being to document war crimes and human rights violations. It outlines specific measures that these individuals can and should take to protect themselves and others from harm, including measures to secure their digital devices, use anonymous communication channels, and seek appropriate medical and psychological support.

Furthermore, the Protocol provides detailed guidelines for conducting online investigations in a responsible and ethical manner. It emphasizes the need for transparency, respect for privacy, and the preservation of evidence. Online investigators are encouraged to adhere to ethical principles such as veracity, accuracy, and impartiality, and to obtain necessary permissions and authorizations before conducting research.

The Protocol also recognizes the role of technology in facilitating online investigations and highlights the need for collaboration and information sharing among various stakeholders, including governments, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector. It encourages the development of best practices, training programs, and resources to support online investigators in their work.

In conclusion, the Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations is a crucial tool for advancing the pursuit of justice and accountability for international crimes. By setting forth international standards for conducting online research, it provides guidance on methodologies and procedures for gathering, analyzing, and preserving digital information in a professional, legal, and ethical manner. Moreover, the Protocol emphasizes the importance of protecting the safety of online investigators, witnesses, victims, and first responders, and promotes responsible and ethical conduct in online investigations. Through collaboration and information sharing, it seeks to enhance the effectiveness of efforts to combat international crimes and promote human rights and humanitarian values.


Dimension: 210 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9789211542332

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