Beyond Economic Migration: Social, Historical, and Political Factors in US Immigration

The economic model of immigration to the US focuses on two primary factors: trouble in the home country or the American Dream. However, non-economic factors such as US immigration policy, labor market incorporation, employment precarity, identity and belonging, and transnationalism also shape the processes of immigration and integration. Beyond Economic Migration argues that analyses of cross-border movements, resettlement, and integration must pay attention to how migrants' individual attributes interact with institutional mechanisms and social processes to realize the dream of fair and equitable migration.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 400 pages
Publication date: 17 January 2023
Publisher: New York University Press

The economic model of immigration to the United States is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that is often studied from two primary perspectives. Firstly, scholars examine the push and pull factors that drive individuals to migrate, such as political instability, economic hardship, or the pursuit of the American Dream. Secondly, they analyze the economic implications of immigration, including its impact on the labor market, wages, and the overall economy.

While economic interests have undoubtedly played a significant role in motivating contemporary migrants to the United States, it is important to recognize that the processes of immigration and integration are shaped by a range of noneconomic factors. These factors include political, social, and cultural factors that influence the decision to migrate and the experiences of migrants once they arrive in their destination country.

One of the key issues that arise in the study of economic migration is the role of US immigration policy and the visa system. The United States has a complex immigration policy that is designed to regulate the flow of immigrants and ensure that they are able to contribute to the economy. However, the policy also creates barriers to entry for certain categories of migrants, such as those with low skills or limited education.

The visa system, in particular, has been a source of controversy and debate. Some argue that it is necessary to limit the number of immigrants to prevent job competition and protect American workers. Others argue that it is discriminatory and violates the rights of immigrants to seek a better life.

Another important issue that arises in the study of economic migration is labor market incorporation. Migrants often face challenges in finding employment and integrating into the labor market, particularly those who lack formal education or skills. This can lead to employment precarity and low wages, which can have negative impacts on the well-being of migrants and their families.

Identity and belonging are also important factors that shape the experiences of migrants in their new homes. Migrants may struggle to establish a sense of identity and belonging in their new communities, particularly if they face discrimination or marginalization. This can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, which can have negative impacts on their mental health and overall well-being.

Transnationalism is another important aspect of economic migration that is often overlooked. Female migrants, student migrants, and temporary foreign workers are particularly vulnerable to transnationalism, as they may be subjected to gender-based violence, exploitation, and human rights abuses. They may also face challenges in maintaining their relationships with their families and communities back home.

In order to address the challenges of economic migration, it is important to consider the intersection of economic, noneconomic, and institutional factors. This requires a nuanced and comprehensive approach that takes into account the individual attributes of migrants and the social processes that shape their experiences.

One approach that has been proposed is the concept of "fair and equitable migration." This concept emphasizes the need to ensure that migration is conducted in a fair and transparent manner, that migrants are protected from exploitation and abuse, and that they are able to access the rights and benefits that are available to them in their destination country.

Another approach is the integration of migrants into the labor market. This can be achieved through policies that promote job training and education, as well as through initiatives that support the integration of migrants into existing communities.

In conclusion, the economic model of immigration to the United States is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that is shaped by a range of noneconomic factors. While economic interests have undoubtedly played a significant role in motivating contemporary migrants, it is important to recognize that the processes of immigration and integration are shaped by a range of political, social, and cultural factors. In order to address the challenges of economic migration, it is important to consider the intersection of economic, noneconomic, and institutional factors and to adopt a nuanced and comprehensive approach that promotes fair and equitable migration.

Weight: 618g
Dimension: 152 x 230 x 27 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781479818549