Bladder Cancer, An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics is devoted to Bladder Cancer, with topics such as epidemiology, molecular biology, therapy, diagnosis, staging, surgery, and immunotherapy. It also covers preclinical systems, precision medicine, and future directions in bladder cancer treatment and research.

Format: Hardback
Length: 240 pages
Publication date: 19 May 2021
Publisher: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division

Bladder cancer is a significant medical concern that requires attention and research. In this issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Guru P. Sonpavde, we delve into the world of bladder cancer, exploring its epidemiology, molecular biology, therapy, diagnosis, staging, surgery, and emerging treatments.

Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer:
Bladder cancer is a common disease, with an estimated 700,000 new cases worldwide each year. It is more prevalent in men than women, with a ratio of approximately 2:1. The incidence of bladder cancer varies significantly by region, with higher rates observed in developed countries such as the United States and Europe. Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic inflammation, and certain genetic disorders.

The Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer:
Understanding the molecular biology of bladder cancer is crucial for developing effective therapies. Bladder cancer is characterized by genetic mutations and abnormalities that contribute to its growth and progression. Researchers have identified several genes and pathways that are involved in bladder cancer development, including TP53, RB1, and CTNNB1. These genes play a role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival, and their mutations can lead to the development of bladder cancer.

Potential Implications for Therapy:
The molecular biology of bladder cancer has significant implications for therapy development. Targeted therapies, such as drugs that specifically target mutant genes or pathways, have shown promising results in treating bladder cancer. For example, drugs that inhibit the activity of EGFR, a protein that is overexpressed in many bladder cancer cells, have been approved for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Immunotherapy, which uses the body's immune system to fight cancer, is also being explored as a potential treatment for bladder cancer.

Current Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma:
Metastatic urothelial carcinoma is a form of bladder cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells throughout the body, while radiation therapy is used to target and kill cancer cells in specific areas. Immunotherapy is used to boost the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Current Perioperative Therapy for Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma:
Muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma is a more advanced form of bladder cancer that has invaded the muscle layer of the bladder. Current perioperative therapy for muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove the cancerous tissue, while chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used to kill any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence.

Current Therapy and Emerging Intravesical Agents to Treat Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer:
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is the most common form of bladder cancer and can be treated with various therapies. Current therapy and emerging intravesical agents to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells, while radiation therapy is used to target and kill cancer cells in specific areas. Immunotherapy is also being explored as a potential treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Diagnosis and Staging of Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer:
Diagnosis and staging of bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer are essential for determining the appropriate treatment plan. Diagnostic methods include cystoscopy, which allows the doctor to examine the bladder and upper tract using a camera, and imaging tests such as CT scans and MRI scans. Staging involves determining the extent of the cancer and the presence of metastases.

Surgery for Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer:
Surgery is a common treatment option for bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer. Depending on the stage and severity of the cancer, different surgical procedures may be used. These procedures include transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), radical cystectomy, and partial cystectomy. TURB is a minimally invasive procedure that removes the cancerous tissue from the bladder, while radical cystectomy is a more extensive procedure that removes the entire bladder and surrounding tissues. Partial cystectomy is used to remove a portion of the bladder.

Bladder Conserving Therapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer:
Bladder conserving therapy is a treatment option for muscle invasive bladder cancer that aims to preserve the bladder while treating the cancer. This therapy includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove the cancerous tissue, while chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used to kill any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence. Bladder conserving therapy is an option for patients who wish to maintain their bladder function and quality of life.

Emerging Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer:
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for bladder cancer. It involves using the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 and PD-L1, are being used to treat bladder cancer. These inhibitors block the interaction between cancer cells and immune cells, allowing the immune system to attack and kill cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials and have shown promising results in treating bladder cancer.

Emerging Targeted Therapy for Bladder Cancer:
Targeted therapy is another promising treatment option for bladder cancer. It involves using drugs that target specific genetic mutations or pathways in cancer cells. Targeted therapy is being used to treat bladder cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Targeted therapy is personalized to each patient based on their genetic makeup and cancer characteristics.

Real World Outcomes of Patients with Bladder Cancer:
Real-world outcomes of patients with bladder cancer are important for understanding the effectiveness of treatment options. Studies have shown that bladder cancer survival rates have improved over time, thanks to advances in treatment and early detection. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Preclinical Systems to Develop Bladder Cancer Therapeutics:
Preclinical systems are used to develop and test new bladder cancer therapeutics. These systems include animal models, cell cultures, and tissue cultures. Animal models are used to study the effects of bladder cancer on the body, while cell cultures and tissue cultures are used to test the effectiveness of new treatments. Preclinical systems are essential for developing new treatments that are safe and effective for patients.

Developing Precision Medicine for Bladder Cancer:
Precision medicine is a personalized approach to cancer treatment that takes into account the genetic makeup and cancer characteristics of each patient. Precision medicine is being used to develop new treatments for bladder cancer that are tailored to each patient's needs. This approach involves using genetic testing, imaging, and other technologies to identify the specific mutations and pathways that contribute to bladder cancer development.

Future Directions in Bladder Cancer Treatment and Research:
Future directions in bladder cancer treatment and research include the development of new therapies, the improvement of treatment outcomes, and the prevention of bladder cancer. Researchers are exploring new treatment options, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine. They are also studying the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to bladder cancer development and developing new screening and diagnostic methods.

In conclusion, bladder cancer is a significant medical concern that requires attention and research. In this issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Guru P. Sonpavde, we delve into the world of bladder cancer, exploring its epidemiology, molecular biology, therapy, diagnosis, staging, surgery, and emerging treatments. Understanding the molecular biology of bladder cancer is crucial for developing effective therapies, and targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine are emerging as promising treatment options. Real-world outcomes of patients with bladder cancer are improving, and preclinical systems are essential for developing new treatments. Future directions in bladder cancer treatment and research include the development of new therapies, the improvement of treatment outcomes, and the prevention of bladder cancer. By continuing to invest in research and development, we can hope to improve the lives of patients with bladder cancer and make progress toward a cure.
Bladder cancer is a significant medical concern that requires attention and research. In this issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Guru P. Sonpavde, we delve into the world of bladder cancer, exploring its epidemiology, molecular biology, therapy, diagnosis, staging, surgery, and emerging treatments. Understanding the molecular biology of bladder cancer is crucial for developing effective therapies, and targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine are emerging as promising treatment options. Real-world outcomes of patients with bladder cancer are improving, and preclinical systems are essential for developing new treatments. Future directions in bladder cancer treatment and research include the development of new therapies, the improvement of treatment outcomes, and the prevention of bladder cancer. By continuing to invest in research and development, we can hope to improve the lives of patients with bladder cancer and make progress toward a cure.

Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer:
Bladder cancer is a common disease, with an estimated 700,000 new cases worldwide each year. It is more prevalent in men than women, with a ratio of approximately 2:1. The incidence of bladder cancer varies significantly by region, with higher rates observed in developed countries such as the United States and Europe. Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic inflammation, and certain genetic disorders.

The Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer:
Understanding the molecular biology of bladder cancer is crucial for developing effective therapies. Bladder cancer is characterized by genetic mutations and abnormalities that contribute to its growth and progression. Researchers have identified several genes and pathways that are involved in bladder cancer development, including TP53, RB1, and CTNNB1. These genes play a role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival, and their mutations can lead to the development of bladder cancer.

Potential Implications for Therapy:
The molecular biology of bladder cancer has significant implications for therapy development. Targeted therapies, such as drugs that specifically target mutant genes or pathways, have shown promising results in treating bladder cancer. For example, drugs that inhibit the activity of EGFR, a protein that is overexpressed in many bladder cancer cells, have been approved for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Immunotherapy, which uses the body's immune system to fight cancer, is also being explored as a potential treatment for bladder cancer.

Current Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma:
Metastatic urothelial carcinoma is a form of bladder cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells throughout the body, while radiation therapy is used to target and kill cancer cells in specific areas. Immunotherapy is used to boost the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Current Perioperative Therapy for Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma:
Muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma is a more advanced form of bladder cancer that has invaded the muscle layer of the bladder. Current perioperative therapy for muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove the cancerous tissue, while chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used to kill any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence.

Current Therapy and Emerging Intravesical Agents to Treat Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer:
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is the most common form of bladder cancer and can be treated with various therapies. Current therapy and emerging intravesical agents to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells, while radiation therapy is used to target and kill cancer cells in specific areas. Immunotherapy is also being explored as a potential treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Diagnosis and Staging of Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer:
Diagnosis and staging of bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer are essential for determining the appropriate treatment plan. Diagnostic methods include cystoscopy, which allows the doctor to examine the bladder and upper tract using a camera, and imaging tests such as CT scans and MRI scans. Staging involves determining the extent of the cancer and the presence of metastases.

Surgery for Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer:
Surgery is a common treatment option for bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer. Depending on the stage and severity of the cancer, different surgical procedures may be used. These procedures include transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), radical cystectomy, and partial cystectomy. TURB is a minimally invasive procedure that removes the cancerous tissue from the bladder, while radical cystectomy is a more extensive procedure that removes the entire bladder and surrounding tissues. Partial cystectomy is used to remove a portion of the bladder.

Bladder Conserving Therapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer:
Bladder conserving therapy is a treatment option for muscle invasive bladder cancer that aims to preserve the bladder while treating the cancer. This therapy includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove the cancerous tissue, while chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used to kill any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence. Bladder conserving therapy is an option for patients who wish to maintain their bladder function and quality of life.

Emerging Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer:
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for bladder cancer. It involves using the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 and PD-L1, are being used to treat bladder cancer. These inhibitors block the interaction between cancer cells and immune cells, allowing the immune system to attack and kill cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials and have shown promising results in treating bladder cancer.

Emerging Targeted Therapy for Bladder Cancer:
Targeted therapy is another promising treatment option for bladder cancer. It involves using drugs that target specific genetic mutations or pathways in cancer cells. Targeted therapy is being used to treat bladder cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Targeted therapy is personalized to each patient based on their genetic makeup and cancer characteristics.

Real World Outcomes of Patients with Bladder Cancer:
Real-world outcomes of patients with bladder canc r are important for understanding the effectiveness of treatment options. Studies have shown that bladder cancer survival rates have improved over time, thanks to advances in treatment and early detection. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Preclinical Systems to Develop Bladder Cancer Therapeutics:
Preclinical systems are used to develop and test new bladder cancer therapeutics. These systems include animal models, cell cultures, and tissue cultures. Animal models are used to study the effects of bladder cancer on the body, while cell cultures and tissue cultures are used to test the effectiveness of new treatments. Preclinical systems are essential for developing new treatments that are safe and effective for patients.

Developing Precision Medicine for Bladder Cancer:
Precision medicine is a personalized approach to cancer treatment that takes into account the genetic makeup and cancer characteristics of each patient. Precision medicine is being used to develop new treatments for bladder cancer that are tailored to each patient's needs. This approach involves using genetic testing, imaging, and other technologies to identify the specific mutations and pathways that contribute to bladder cancer development.

Future Directions in Bladder Cancer Treatment and Research:
Future directions in bladder cancer treatment and research include the development of new therapies, the improvement of treatment outcomes, and the prevention of bladder cancer. Researchers are exploring new treatment options, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine. They are also studying the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to bladder cancer development and developing new screening and diagnostic methods.

In conclusion, bladder cancer is a significant medical concern that requires attention and research. In this issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Guru P. Sonpavde, we delve into the world of bladder cancer, exploring its epidemiology, molecular biology, therapy, diagnosis, staging, surgery, and emerging treatments. Understanding the molecular biology of bladder cancer is crucial for developing effective therapies, and targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine are emerging as promising treatment options. Real-world outcomes of patients with bladder cancer are improving, and preclinical systems are essential for developing new treatments. Future directions in bladder cancer treatment and research include the development of new therapies, the improvement of treatment outcomes, and the prevention of bladder cancer. By continuing to invest in research and development, we can hope to improve the lives of patients with bladder cancer and make progress toward a cure.

Weight: 512g
Dimension: 160 x 240 x 20 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780323764513