Capitalism and the Emergence of Civic Equality in Eighteenth-Century France

The French Revolution of 1789 introduced civic equality due to the flourishing of commercial capitalism in eighteenth-century France, which introduced a new independence, flexibility, and anonymity to French social life. This made civic equality thinkable, possible, and desirable when the crisis of the French Revolution arrived.

\n Format: Hardback
\n Length: 416 pages
\n Publication date: 06 May 2021
\n Publisher: The University of Chicago Press
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The French Revolution of 1789 was a transformative event that altered the course of Western history. One of its defining features was the concept of civic equality, which became a central tenet of the revolution. However, why did this idea resonate so strongly in France, particularly at that time? In this essay, we will explore the factors that contributed to the flourishing of commercial capitalism in eighteenth-century France and how it influenced the development of civic equality.

The rise of commerce in eighteenth-century France was a significant factor in the development of civic equality. Prior to the revolution, France was a largely agricultural society, with a small merchant class and a largely feudal system. However, with the growth of trade and commerce, a new class of wealthy merchants emerged. These merchants were able to accumulate wealth and power, which they used to influence political and social institutions.

One of the ways in which the merchants influenced political institutions was through their support for the idea of civic equality. They believed that all citizens should have equal rights and opportunities, regardless of their social status or wealth. They argued that the government should be accountable to the people and that citizens should have the right to participate in the decision-making process.

The merchants also supported the development of urban publics, which were centers of commerce and culture. These publics were often the site of debates and discussions about political and social issues, which helped to spread the idea of civic equality.

The careers of the philosophes, who were influential thinkers of the time, also played a role in the development of civic equality. Many of the philosophes were merchants or were influenced by the merchant class. They argued for the rights of the individual and the importance of reason and science in shaping society.

Commercial publishing also played a significant role in the spread of civic equality. Books and newspapers were published in large numbers, which allowed for the dissemination of ideas and the promotion of civic equality.

Patronage was another important factor in the development of civic equality. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats supported artists, writers, and intellectuals who promoted the idea of civic equality. This support helped to create a culture that valued individual rights and freedoms.

Political economy was also a key factor in the development of civic equality. Merchants and other wealthy individuals began to invest in the stock market, which allowed for the accumulation of wealth and the creation of a new class of wealthy investors. This new class of investors began to influence political institutions and to advocate for policies that would benefit the economy and the middle class.

Trade was also a significant factor in the development of civic equality. The growth of trade and commerce led to the development of new markets and the expansion of trade networks. This increased economic activity and created new opportunities for individuals and businesses, regardless of their social status or wealth.

State finance was also a key factor in the development of civic equality. The French government began to invest in infrastructure and other public services, which helped to improve the quality of life for citizens and to create new opportunities for economic growth.

In conclusion, the flourishing of commercial capitalism in eighteenth-century France introduced a new independence, flexibility, and anonymity to French social life. This new social landscape made civic equality thinkable, possible, and even desirable when the crisis of the French Revolution arrived. The rise of commerce, the emergence of urban publics, the careers of the philosophes, commercial publishing, patronage, political economy, trade, and state finance all played a role in the development of civic equality in France. Capitalism and the Emergence of Civic Equality in Eighteenth-Century France offers an original interpretation of one of historys pivotal moments.

\n Weight: 752g\n
Dimension: 159 x 235 x 31 (mm)\n
ISBN-13: 9780226770321\n \n