Democracy Against Parties: The Divergent Fates of Latin America's New Left Contenders

Established parties are weakening, and new parties are failing to take root, posing a threat to democracy. Brandon Van Dyck argues that stable parties are not an outgrowth of democracy, but rather the result of elites investing time and labor in party building. Only under conditions of soft authoritarianism do office-seeking elites have a strong electoral incentive to invest in party building.

Format: Hardback
Length: 288 pages
Publication date: 28 December 2021
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press

The decline of established parties and the failure of new parties to gain traction are prevalent global phenomena. In numerous instances, outsiders have emerged and taken advantage of the void, posing a significant threat to democratic norms. Why do most new parties fail to establish themselves as long-term electoral fixtures? What conditions enable them to survive and become enduring forces in the political landscape? In his insightful analysis, Brandon Van Dyck delves into these critical questions within the context of the contemporary Latin American left. He challenges the notion that stable parties are a natural outcome of democracy. Instead, Van Dyck argues that contemporary democracy actively hinders the successful establishment of parties. To build a durable party, elites must invest substantial time and resources, while also engaging in power-sharing with activists. However, in the modern era, where elites have access to alternative sources of influence such as mass media, they can secure votes without making the same sacrifices in terms of time, labor, and autonomy. It is only under conditions of soft authoritarianism that office-seeking elites are motivated to invest in party building, as it becomes a crucial avenue to secure electoral success.

Van Dyck supports his argument through a comparative analysis of four new left parties in Latin America: two that faced collapse, and two that managed to survive and thrive. By examining the factors that contributed to their success or failure, Van Dyck sheds light on the challenges and opportunities faced by new political movements.

One of the key factors that contributed to the collapse of the new left parties was their inability to establish a strong grassroots base. These parties often relied on charismatic leaders and a limited range of policy platforms to appeal to voters. However, without a solid foundation of support from the community, these parties were vulnerable to internal divisions and external challenges.

On the other hand, the two surviving new left parties demonstrated a commitment to building a strong grassroots network. They engaged with local communities, organized grassroots campaigns, and developed a clear message that resonated with voters. These parties also recognized the importance of building a diverse and inclusive leadership team that represented the diverse perspectives and experiences of their constituents.

Another factor that played a crucial role in the survival of these new left parties was their ability to adapt to changing political circumstances. They were willing to evolve their policies and strategies to address the changing needs and concerns of their constituents. They also recognized the importance of building alliances with other political movements and organizations to expand their reach and influence.

In conclusion, the decline of established parties and the failure of new parties to take root are significant challenges to democratic stability and progress. By examining the factors that contribute to the success or failure of new parties, we can gain valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing political movements in the modern era. Building a strong grassroots base, adapting to changing political circumstances, and engaging in meaningful power-sharing with activists are essential ingredients for the survival and growth of new political parties.

Weight: 574g
Dimension: 236 x 158 x 30 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780822946946