Discourses of Weakness in Modern China: Historical Diagnoses of the ?Sick Man of East Asia?

During the Sino-Japanese war, China was considered a "weak state" due to its lack of competitiveness. This volume explores the emergence of the narrative of China's alleged "national ruin" and the discursive construction of China as the "Sick Man of East Asia."

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 586 pages
Publication date: 02 March 2021
Publisher: Campus Verlag

From the aftermath of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 until the 1930s, a prevailing notion permeated political discourse both in China and abroad: China was perceived as a "weak state." This perception emerged in the context of a world increasingly being interpreted through the lens of harsh Darwinian principles, where competitiveness was deemed crucial for survival. This volume seeks to delve deeper into contemporary China's self-perception and identity by tracing the emergence of the narrative of China's alleged "national ruin" and the discursive construction of China as the "Sick Man of East Asia."

The notion of China as a "weak state" was not a mere passing trend but rather a deeply ingrained belief that persisted for several decades. It was rooted in a variety of factors, including China's historical defeat by foreign powers, its economic backwardness, and its political instability. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, China faced numerous challenges, including internal rebellions, foreign invasions, and economic depression. These events led to a sense of national humiliation and a loss of confidence in China's ability to govern itself.

As a result, the narrative of China's "national ruin" began to take shape. This narrative portrayed China as a country that had been weakened by internal conflicts, external pressures, and economic mismanagement. It was often used to justify the actions of foreign powers, who saw China as a ripe target for exploitation and colonization. The "Sick Man of East Asia" label was also used to describe China, as it was seen as a country that was plagued by various diseases, including poverty, corruption, and political instability.

Despite these negative perceptions, China's people remained resilient and determined to rebuild their country. They worked tirelessly to improve their economic conditions, strengthen their political institutions, and promote cultural development. However, the narrative of China's "national ruin" and the "Sick Man of East Asia" labels continued to be used by foreign powers to justify their interventions in China's affairs.

In the 1930s, a new era of Chinese nationalism emerged, led by figures such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. These leaders sought to redefine China's identity and place it on the world stage. They emphasized the importance of national unity, social justice, and economic development, and they worked to promote China's sovereignty and independence.

The narrative of China's "national ruin" and the "Sick Man of East Asia" labels began to fade away as China's economy began to grow and its political stability improved. China's emergence as a global power in the 20th century further solidified its position as a significant player on the international stage.

Today, China is a vibrant and prosperous country, with a rapidly growing economy and a strong military presence. It has also made significant strides in promoting social welfare, environmental protection, and cultural exchange. However, China continues to face challenges, including income inequality, political corruption, and tensions with neighboring countries.

In conclusion, the notion of China as a "weak state" dominated political discourse in China and beyond for several decades. This perception was rooted in China's historical defeat, economic backwardness, and political instability. However, China's people remained resilient and determined to rebuild their country, and they succeeded in redefining China's identity and place it on the world stage. Today, China is a global power with a strong economy, a strong military, and a vibrant culture. However, it continues to face challenges, and it will be important for China to continue to work towards achieving its goals and fulfilling its potential.

Weight: 848g
Dimension: 152 x 228 x 39 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9783593509020