France and the German Question, 1945-1990

After World War Two, the division of Germany into East and West became a de facto settlement, but France's approach to the German question was more constructive and consequential than previously acknowledged, based on recent historiography and archival sources.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 308 pages
Publication date: 14 July 2023
Publisher: Berghahn Books

In the aftermath of World War II, the victorious nations found it difficult to reach a consensus on the fate of Germany, leading to the emergence of a de facto, if provisional, division of the country. This separation, driven by the nascent Cold War, marked the beginning of a half-century of separation between East and West Germany, making the German question a critical foreign policy concern, particularly in France. Drawing on the latest historiography and previously untapped archival sources, this volume demonstrates that France's approach to the German question during the Cold War was more constructive and influential than previously recognized.

The immediate aftermath of World War II saw a period of uncertainty and division among the victorious nations regarding the future of Germany. The Cold War, which had its roots in the ideological and geopolitical tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, further complicated the situation. The separation of Germany into East and West, which became a de facto reality, was seen as a temporary solution to the complex German question.

However, the division of Germany would endure for half a century, shaping the foreign policy landscape of Europe and beyond. The German question became a central concern for France, given the historical tensions and conflicts between the two countries. The war-torn history between France and Germany, including the two World Wars and the Holocaust, added to the urgency and complexity of the situation.

In the face of this challenge, France approached the German question with a multifaceted and nuanced strategy. France recognized the importance of maintaining stability and security in Europe, which required a peaceful resolution to the German question. France also recognized the need for Germany to be integrated into the European community, as a fully democratic and prosperous nation, to contribute to the stability and prosperity of the region.

To achieve these goals, France pursued a policy of engagement and dialogue with Germany. France sought to establish close diplomatic relations with both East and West Germany, aiming to promote mutual understanding and cooperation. France also played a key role in the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), which were designed to promote economic integration and cooperation among European nations.

France's approach to the German question was characterized by a willingness to compromise and find common ground. France recognized the legitimate aspirations of both East and West Germany for self-determination and reunification. France also recognized the need for Germany to take responsibility for its past actions, including the Holocaust and the Second World War, and to contribute to the healing and reconciliation of the European continent.

France's engagement with Germany was not without its challenges and complexities. France faced opposition from some European nations, particularly those in the Eastern Bloc, who saw France as a potential threat to their own interests. France also faced internal political divisions and debates, particularly during the period of the Algerian War, which strained France's relationship with its African colonies.

Despite these challenges, France's approach to the German question was ultimately successful in promoting stability and cooperation in Europe. France's engagement with Germany helped to establish a framework for peaceful resolution to the German question, which paved the way for the reunification of Germany in 1990. France's role in the formation of the EU and its commitment to promoting economic integration and cooperation among European nations also contributed to the stability and prosperity of the region.

In conclusion, the German question was a critical foreign policy issue for France during the Cold War. France approached the German question with a multifaceted and nuanced strategy, characterized by a willingness to compromise and find common ground. France's engagement with Germany helped to promote stability and cooperation in Europe, and paved the way for the reunification of Germany in 1990. France's approach to the German question was a testament to its commitment to promoting peace, security, and democracy in the world.

ISBN-13: 9781800739185