Goddesses of Akragas: A Study of Terracotta Votive Figurines from Sicily

The terracotta figurines from Akragas (Agrigento) depict a prosperous life in the late sixth and early fifth century BCE, with strikingly large fibulae appliques fastening pectoral chains with several sorts of pendants. The form of the jewelry items changed fast, influenced by different peoples and changing fashions, and the body of the figurines remained armless and abstract for some time. An archaeological experiment revealed their production process, combining data from the experiment with an analysis of their iconographic features. The moulding technique, introduced by newcomers to the city, provided for relatively cheap and rapid production of terracotta figurines. Wooden figurines were used in the production of the molds, and objects and molds were exchanged with the city of Selinous, resulting in variations of the standard and figurines with finely detailed faces. Designing and dedicating these votive figurines, and possibly also jewelry, to a cult statue might have acted as a unifying element for the perhaps multi-ethnic society of Akragas, helping to forge a new identity unique to Sicily.

Format: Hardback
Length: 388 pages
Publication date: 20 January 2021
Publisher: Sidestone Press

The terracotta figurines from Akragas (Agrigento), dating back to the late sixth and early fifth century BCE, offer a captivating glimpse into a prosperous life during that era. These intricate sculptures depict individuals with chubby faces, splendid furniture, and rich adornments, showcasing a comfortable and affluent lifestyle. Notably, the extensive jewelry worn by these figurines is a testament to their wealth and status. The fibulae appliques, in particular, stand out with their strikingly large size, used to fasten pectoral chains with various pendants. These jewelry items were meticulously modeled after existing pieces, reflecting the attention to detail and craftsmanship of the time.

The evolution of jewelry forms during this period is fascinating. Different peoples and changing fashions influenced the shape and style of these items, creating a dynamic and diverse repertoire. This comparison with representations of jewelry and fashion on coins from Syracuse provides valuable insights into the cultural exchange and influences that shaped artistic traditions.

While the body of the figurines initially remained armless and abstract, it gradually evolved to incorporate more details. The block-shaped upper body, reminiscent of aniconic objects, suggests a seated person adorned with a rectangular apron on the front. In contrast, the faces of the figurines are highly detailed, often adorned with distinctive headgear known as polos. The Archaic smile, with its Greek influence, adds a touch of elegance to their features.

An archaeological experiment conducted to replicate the production process of these terracotta figurines has shed light on their creation. By combining data from the experiment with an analysis of their iconographic features, it has been possible to demonstrate that most of the figurines studied were designed and produced locally. The introduction of a molding technique by newcomers to the city played a significant role in the rapid and cost-effective production of terracotta figurines. The local availability of clay and marl, with their suitable composition due to their plasticity, fine structure, and soft tone on firing, facilitated the production process.

Interestingly, wooden figurines served as the forerunners of the terracotta figurines, acting as the molds for their terracotta successors. Over time, the terracotta figurines developed a more three-dimensional appearance, reflecting the evolving artistic styles and techniques of the period.

These terracotta figurines from Akragas provide a remarkable window into the ancient world, offering a glimpse into the lifestyles, cultural exchange, and artistic traditions of the late sixth and early fifth century BCE. Their intricate details, rich adornments, and evolving jewelry forms continue to captivate scholars and enthusiasts alike, shedding light on the rich history and culture of the ancient Mediterranean.

Dimension: 279 x 203 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9789088909016