HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) is a complex challenge that requires comprehensive research and clinical insights. This book provides a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students to better understand HAND and its associated comorbidities, and to develop novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for improved patient outcomes.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 652 pages
Publication date: 27 February 2024
Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) represent a multifaceted and dynamic challenge in the realm of HIV-1 infection and treatment. This comprehensive volume delves into the intricate clinical manifestations, molecular and cellular underpinnings, and therapeutic approaches associated with HAND and its accompanying comorbidities. This book serves as a vital resource for researchers, clinicians, and students actively engaged in HIV-related studies and neurocognitive research. By amalgamating cutting-edge research and clinical expertise, it emerges as an indispensable tool for advancing our comprehension of HAND and its potential to yield innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.

The clinical manifestations of HAND encompass a wide range of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments that can affect individuals living with HIV. These manifestations can manifest at different stages of the infection and may vary depending on factors such as viral load, duration of infection, and treatment regimen. Some common clinical manifestations of HAND include memory loss, cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Memory loss is a particularly prevalent feature of HAND and can manifest as short-term memory impairment, semantic memory loss, and episodic memory loss. Cognitive impairment is characterized by difficulties with attention, concentration, problem-solving, and executive function. Individuals with HAND may experience difficulties with language, reasoning, and decision-making. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is also commonly observed in HAND, and it can manifest as symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty with organization. Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities of HAND, and they can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Anxiety is characterized by excessive worry, fear, and restlessness. Psychosis is a rare but serious manifestation of HAND that can involve symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND are complex and multifaceted. HIV-1 infection can directly impact the brain, leading to inflammation, neuronal damage, and the formation of neurodegenerative lesions. Additionally, the presence of HIV-1 proteins, such as Tat and Nef, can disrupt normal brain function and contribute to the development of HAND. Furthermore, HAND is associated with the activation of immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, which can release pro-inflammatory cytokines and contribute to neuroinflammation.

Therapeutic strategies for HAND are multifaceted and aimed at addressing the underlying causes of cognitive and neurological impairments. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of HIV treatment and has been shown to improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative lesions in individuals with HIV. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and adequate sleep, can also improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of HAND. Cognitive rehabilitation programs, which involve targeted training and exercises to improve cognitive function, can also be beneficial in individuals with HAND. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychosocial support, can also help individuals manage the emotional and psychological impact of HAND.

In conclusion, HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) present a complex and evolving challenge in the context of HIV-1 infection and treatment. This comprehensive volume delves into the clinical manifestations, molecular and cellular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies underlying HAND and its associated comorbidities. By bringing together cutting-edge research and clinical insights, this book serves as an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and students engaged in HIV-related studies and neurocognitive research. Furthermore, its aim to advance our understanding of HAND and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for improved patient outcomes underscores its significance in the field.

Weight: 450g
Dimension: 276 x 215 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780323997447