Honor and Shame in Early China

Mark Edward Lewis' study explores how the changing language of honor and shame shaped Chinese society between the Warring States and the Han dynasty,justifying actions of diverse groups and paving the way for subsequent political structures.

\n Format: Hardback
\n Length: 264 pages
\n Publication date: 10 December 2020
\n Publisher: Cambridge University Press
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In this groundbreaking study, Mark Edward Lewis delves into the intricate interplay of honor and shame in shaping Chinese society throughout the Warring States and Han dynasties. Through a meticulous examination of a diverse array of texts, he compellingly demonstrates how honor-shame discourse served as a framework for justifying the actions of various groups, even those that may have been perceived as rivals. Over centuries, the established political order became intertwined with alternative models of honor, which not only coexisted within the existing framework but also paved the way for subsequent political structures. By addressing a significant gap in the study of early China, Lewis offers insightful perspectives on how the early Chinese empires can be compared and fosters a deeper understanding of the fundamental role of honor/shame in shaping states and societies.

The evolution of honor and shame in Chinese society played a pivotal role in shaping political dynamics and social structures throughout the Warring States and Han dynasties. During this period, the concept of honor took on a complex and multifaceted nature, evolving from a purely personal concept to one that was intertwined with the broader social and political context. Honor became a means of defining one's identity, reputation, and place in society, and it was closely linked to notions of duty, loyalty, and respect.

On the other hand, shame emerged as a powerful force that could undermine honor and disrupt social order. Shame was associated with dishonor, embarrassment, and a lack of self-worth, and it was often used as a tool by individuals and groups to assert their power and influence. Shame could be triggered by a wide range of factors, including failure to meet social expectations, transgressions against social norms, and perceived insults or disrespect.

One of the key ways in which honor and shame influenced Chinese society was through the development of political institutions and ideologies. During the Warring States period, the states of Qin, Han, and Zhongshan competed for dominance and control, and honor-shame discourse played a significant role in shaping their strategies and tactics. For example, the Qin state was known for its strict enforcement of laws and regulations, which were designed to maintain social order and uphold the honor of the state. In contrast, the Han state was more tolerant and open to diversity, and it encouraged the development of a more inclusive and egalitarian society.

Honor-shame discourse also played a role in shaping social relationships and hierarchies. In traditional Chinese society, there was a clear distinction between the social classes, with the upper classes holding the most honor and power. The lower classes, on the other hand, were often subjected to discrimination and oppression, and they were expected to conform to the social norms and expectations of their social group. Honor-shame discourse helped to reinforce these social hierarchies by promoting the idea that certain behaviors and actions were appropriate for certain social groups, while others were considered dishonorable and shameful.

Despite the positive aspects of honor-shame discourse, it also had negative consequences. For example, it could lead to the perpetration of violence and aggression as individuals and groups sought to assert their honor and protect their reputation. Additionally, honor-shame discourse could be used to justify social inequalities and oppression, as those who were perceived as dishonorable or inferior were often subjected to discrimination and marginalization.

In conclusion, the evolution of honor and shame in Chinese society played a crucial role in shaping political dynamics, social relationships, and cultural values throughout the Warring States and Han dynasties. While honor-shame discourse had positive aspects in terms of promoting social order and reinforcing social hierarchies, it also had negative consequences in terms of promoting violence and oppression. Understanding the complexities of honor and shame in Chinese society is essential for appreciating the rich and complex history of early China and for navigating the challenges and opportunities that arise in contemporary society.

\n Weight: 508g\n
Dimension: 163 x 235 x 21 (mm)\n
ISBN-13: 9781108843690\n \n