Indirect Rule: The Making of US International Hierarchy

Indirect rule is a mode of rule where an allied group within a client state adopts policies preferred by a dominant state in exchange for support. It has been used by the US in the Caribbean, Central America, Western Europe, and the Arab Middle East. David A. Lake's book shows that indirect rule is more likely when the specific assets at risk are large and governance costs are low, but its consequences, such as anti-Americanism, reveal its shortcomings.

Format: Hardback
Length: 282 pages
Publication date: 22 January 2024
Publisher: Cornell University Press

Indirect rule is a fascinating and complex concept that delves into the ways in which states exercise authority over other nations, often without direct control. This mode of rule has played a significant role in shaping domestic and international politics throughout history, particularly in the United States' foreign relations.

One of the key features of indirect rule is the involvement of an allied group within a client state, which adopts policies preferred by a dominant state in exchange for the dominant state's support. This mechanism of international hierarchy has been employed by the United States in various regions, including the Caribbean, Central America, Western Europe, and the Arab Middle East.

According to David A. Lake, the likelihood of indirect rule occurring is higher when the specific assets at risk are large and governance costs are low. In his book, "Indirect Rule: The United States in the Caribbean and Central America, 1898-1933," Lake explores the history of US involvement in these regions and demonstrates how indirect rule played a significant role in shaping the political and economic landscape.

However, the consequences of indirect rule are not without controversy. One of the most significant challenges is the emergence of anti-Americanism, as local populations may feel resentful of the dominant state's influence and the policies it imposes. This can lead to tensions and conflicts, which can undermine the stability and security of the region.

As the United States continues to engage in democracy promotion and other forms of intervention abroad, the effectiveness of indirect rule is being questioned. With declining support at home for these efforts, it is important to consider whether this method of rule ultimately advances US interests.

One argument in favor of indirect rule is that it allows the United States to exert influence without directly occupying or annexing a nation. This can be particularly useful in regions where a strong military presence may be impractical or undesirable. By supporting local leaders and institutions, the United States can promote stability and development while avoiding the potential for conflict.

On the other hand, critics of indirect rule argue that it perpetuates power imbalances and undermines the sovereignty of local populations. By imposing policies and institutions that are not necessarily reflective of local needs and values, indirect rule can create a sense of resentment and resistance. This can lead to instability and conflict, which can undermine the long-term stability and prosperity of the region.

In conclusion, indirect rule is a complex and multifaceted concept that has played a significant role in shaping US foreign relations throughout history. While it has its advantages, such as allowing the United States to exert influence without direct military intervention, it also has its drawbacks, such as the emergence of anti-Americanism and the potential for power imbalances. As the United States continues to engage in intervention abroad, it is important to carefully consider the effectiveness of indirect rule and whether it ultimately advances US interests.

Weight: 907g
Dimension: 229 x 152 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781501773730