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Learning from Arnstein's Ladder: From Citizen Participation to Public Engagement

Learning from Arnstein's Ladder: From Citizen Participation to Public Engagement

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  • More about Learning from Arnstein's Ladder: From Citizen Participation to Public Engagement


Sherry Arnstein's "ladder of citizen participation" in 1969 described the range of participation in planning processes. Since then, the context has evolved, and planners, organizers, and residents have been involved in ways previously unforeseen. Learning from Arnstein's Ladder examines the enduring impacts of his work and the challenges planners face in advancing meaningful public engagement.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 362 pages
Publication date: 13 October 2020
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd


In 1969, Sherry Arnstein, a renowned scholar in the field of urban planning, introduced a concept known as the "ladder of citizen participation." This framework aimed to categorize the levels of involvement and engagement of citizens in planning processes within the United States. Arnstein's Ladder depicted a spectrum of participation, ranging from minimal involvement to high engagement, and highlighted the shortcomings of traditional participation methods at the time. However, it also portrayed the evolving aspirations towards greater citizen involvement, which have now become fundamental values in planning practice.

Since the publication of Arnstein's Ladder, significant changes have occurred in the political, economic, and social landscape, leading to new and innovative approaches to planning and community development. Planners, organizers, and residents have been actively engaged in these practices in ways that were previously unforeseen. This shift has been driven by a recognition of the importance of involving the public in decision-making processes to ensure that planning outcomes reflect the needs and values of diverse communities.

Learning from Arnstein's Ladder is a comprehensive book that explores the enduring impacts of Arnstein's work and the persistent challenges faced by planners in advancing meaningful public engagement. The book draws on contemporary theory, expertise, empirical analysis, and practical applications in the field of public engagement in planning. It presents research from various countries, including Australia, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Portugal, Serbia, and the United States, among others. These studies utilize, critique, revise, and expand upon Arnstein's aspirational vision, providing a rich and diverse perspective on the topic.

Arnstein's Ladder is an essential resource for educators and students of planning. It offers a comprehensive understanding of the historical context, theoretical foundations, and practical applications of citizen participation in planning. By examining the enduring impacts of Arnstein's work and the challenges faced by planners, the book provides valuable insights into the current state of public engagement in planning and offers practical strategies for promoting greater participation and inclusivity in decision-making processes.

In conclusion, Learning from Arnstein's Ladder is a groundbreaking book that examines the enduring legacy of Sherry Arnstein's concept of the "ladder of citizen participation" and its relevance in the contemporary world. By drawing on contemporary theory, expertise, and empirical analysis, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with citizen engagement in planning. It serves as a valuable resource for educators, students, and practitioners alike, and contributes to the ongoing effort to promote more inclusive and democratic planning practices.

Weight: 562g
Dimension: 155 x 234 x 28 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780367258238

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