Learning from Video Games (and Everything Else): The General Learning Model

Video games can have both positive and negative effects on players, including intentional effects such as training health compliance behaviors and unintentional effects such as violence and stereotypes. The General Learning Model provides a detailed description of the learning mechanisms underlying these effects, including short-term and long-term mechanisms, processes of learning and forgetting, and moderators of learning. This model can help to re-interpreting the literature on violent video games and gaming disorder and to applied social psychology more broadly.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 75 pages
Publication date: 23 December 2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Video games have a profound impact on players, encompassing both intentional and unintentional effects. While some research areas may be contentious, understanding the underlying learning mechanisms can help alleviate these controversies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the General Learning Model, delving into its short-term and long-term mechanisms, processes of learning and forgetting, and moderators of learning. We also discuss the implications of this model for re-interpreting the literature on violent video games and gaming disorder, as well as its broader applications in applied social psychology.

The impact of video games on players extends beyond mere entertainment. These digital experiences can shape individuals in various ways, including through intentional design, such as games aimed at promoting health compliance behaviors. However, the majority of these effects are unintentional, resulting from factors such as violent content, stereotypes, and gaming disorders.

One area of research that has generated controversy is the impact of violent video games on players. While some studies suggest that exposure to violent games can lead to increased aggression and desensitization to violence, others argue that these effects are limited or nonexistent. The General Learning Model provides insights into this debate by highlighting the importance of considering the learning mechanisms underlying these effects.

Short-term mechanisms of learning include immediate reinforcement, where rewards or punishments are provided immediately after a behavior. This type of learning is commonly observed in video games, where players receive rewards for completing tasks or defeating enemies. Over time, these rewards can reinforce the behavior, leading to habit formation and the development of skills.

Long-term mechanisms of learning involve the formation of memories and the ability to generalize information. Through repeated exposure to video games, players can develop memory for game rules, strategies, and characters. This memory can then be used to make decisions and solve problems in new situations, promoting transfer of learning.

Processes of learning and forgetting also play a significant role in the effects of video games. Learning is a continuous process that involves the acquisition, retention, and retrieval of information. In video games, players may acquire new skills and knowledge, but they may also forget these skills over time if they are not used or reinforced. For example, players who spend a significant amount of time playing a first-person shooter game may develop excellent shooting skills, but these skills may fade if they do not practice or play other games that require similar skills.

Moderators of learning, such as individual differences, cognitive abilities, and social context, can also influence the effects of video games. For example, some players may be more susceptible to the effects of violent games due to their age, personality traits, or prior experiences with violence. Additionally, the social context in which video games are played can impact their effects, with multiplayer games promoting social interaction and cooperation while single-player games may provide a more immersive and isolating experience.

The implications of the General Learning Model for re-interpreting the literature on violent video games and gaming disorder are significant. By understanding the learning mechanisms underlying these effects, researchers can develop more effective interventions and strategies to mitigate any negative consequences. For example, games that incorporate positive reinforcement and social interaction may be more effective in promoting healthy behaviors and reducing aggression.

In addition to its implications for research, the General Learning Model has broader applications in applied social psychology. Video games are becoming increasingly popular as a tool for education and training, with applications in areas such as military training, healthcare, and education. By understanding the learning mechanisms underlying video games, researchers can design more effective and engaging learning experiences that can improve outcomes and promote learning.

In conclusion, video games have a profound impact on players, encompassing both intentional and unintentional effects. While some research areas may be contentious, understanding the underlying learning mechanisms can help alleviate these controversies. The General Learning Model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the effects of video games, including short-term and long-term mechanisms, processes of learning and forgetting, and moderators of learning. By applying this model to re-interpreting the literature on violent video games and gaming disorder, as well as its broader applications in applied social psychology, researchers can develop more effective interventions and strategies to promote positive outcomes and enhance learning.

Weight: 152g
Dimension: 152 x 229 x 10 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781108965934
Edition number: New ed