Organized Labor in Southeast Asia

The political marginalization of working-class organizations in Southeast Asia is analyzed, tracing roots to the early postwar period and the establishment of labor control regimes. The economic and political dynamics that perpetuate labor containment and the resurgence of labor mobilization in the 21st century are examined, as well as the mixed effects of democratization on organized labor. Three distinctive "anatomies of contention" of Southeast Asia's feistiest labor movements are analyzed.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 75 pages
Publication date: 23 February 2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press

This Element delves into the intricate web of economic and political factors that have contributed to the marginalization of working-class organizations in the region. It traces the origins of labor exclusion back to the early postwar period, when numerous governments retreated from the left and implemented labor control regimes aimed at preventing the resurgence of working-class movements. Furthermore, it explores the economic and political dynamics that have perpetuated labor containment in certain countries while fostering a resurgence of labor mobilization in others in the 21st century. Additionally, it sheds light on the complex effects of democratization on organized labor in the region, examining three distinct "anatomies of contention" among Southeast Asia's most vibrant labor movements in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Vietnam.

The early postwar period witnessed a significant shift in global politics, marked by the emergence of labor control regimes and the rollback of left-wing policies. These developments resulted in the marginalization of working-class organizations, as governments sought to suppress any form of labor activism and maintain control over the workforce. In many countries, labor laws were enacted to limit the power of unions and prevent strikes, while employers exploited workers' vulnerabilities to maximize profits.

The economic and political forces that perpetuated labor containment varied across different regions. In some countries, the decline of traditional industries and the rise of global capitalism led to job losses and wage stagnation, which fueled resentment among workers and contributed to the growth of labor movements. In contrast, in other countries, economic growth and development led to the emergence of a skilled and educated workforce, which reduced the demand for low-wage labor and weakened the power of unions.

Despite these challenges, labor mobilization has continued to occur in Southeast Asia, driven by a range of factors. One of the most significant drivers has been the rise of social media and digital technologies, which have provided workers with new platforms for organizing and mobilizing. Social media platforms have enabled workers to share information and connect with each other, even in remote areas, and have facilitated the formation of labor unions and collective bargaining agreements.

Another factor contributing to labor mobilization has been the increasing global attention to human rights and labor rights issues. The global #MeToo movement, for example, has highlighted the prevalence of sexual harassment and discrimination in the workplace, leading to increased activism among women workers and the formation of feminist labor movements.

Democratization has also had mixed effects on organized labor in Southeast Asia. On the one hand, democratization has increased the political space for labor movements, as workers have gained the right to vote and participate in political processes. This has led to the formation of more inclusive and representative labor unions and the adoption of more progressive labor laws. On the other hand, democratization has also created new challenges for labor movements, as political instability and economic uncertainty can undermine their ability to organize and mobilize.

In conclusion, the political marginalization of working-class organizations in Southeast Asia is a complex issue that is influenced by a range of economic and political factors. While labor exclusion has its roots in the early postwar period, the economic and political dynamics that perpetuate labor containment and mobilization continue to evolve in the 21st century. The rise of social media and digital technologies, the increasing global attention to human rights and labor rights issues, and the complex effects of democratization on organized labor all play significant roles in shaping the dynamics of labor movements in the region. As workers continue to struggle for better wages, working conditions, and social justice, it is essential to understand the underlying forces that drive these movements and to work towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society.

Weight: 133g
ISBN-13: 9781108722407