Permanent Markers: Race, Ancestry, and the Body after the Genome

DNA ancestry testing has gone from a niche market to a booming international industry, sparking debates about the commodification of identity, the antiracist potential of genetic science, and the promises and pitfalls of using DNA as a source of objective knowledge about the past. This book examines how genomic ancestry testing has been used in Brazil and the United States to address the histories and legacies of slavery, from personal genealogical projects to collective racial politics.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 280 pages
Publication date: 10 January 2022
Publisher: The University of North Carolina Press

Over the past two decades, DNA ancestry testing has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from a niche market to a thriving global industry that empowers individuals to delve into profound inquiries about their identity by examining their genetic makeup. In the context of heightened interest in issues of race and racism, the growing influence of corporations such as AncestryDNA and 23andMe has ignited intense debates concerning the commodification of identity, the potential antiracist applications of genetic science, and the promises and pitfalls of utilizing DNA as a reliable source of objective knowledge about the past.

This book aims to engage these critical discussions by exploring the diverse ways in which genomic ancestry testing has been employed in Brazil and the United States to address the complex histories and legacies of slavery. From personal genealogical endeavors to collective racial politics, Permanent Markers delves into the complexities of science versus capitalism, race-blind versus race-positive public policies, and the fluidity of identity versus the embodied experiences of racism. By examining these multifaceted dynamics, the book seeks to unravel the reasons why individuals in societies that have widely embraced the social construction of race continue to seek and find evidence that their bodies bear permanent marks of the past.

The rise of DNA ancestry testing has brought about a shift in the way we understand our identities and the broader social structures that shape them. By providing individuals with access to detailed genetic information, these tests offer a means to trace ancestral roots and uncover hidden connections to diverse communities. However, this newfound power has also raised concerns about the potential exploitation of personal data and the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes.

One of the central themes of Permanent Markers is the commodification of identity. As DNA testing becomes increasingly popular, corporations have capitalized on this demand by marketing their services as tools for self-discovery and heritage preservation. However, critics argue that this commodification of identity erases the complexities and nuances of race and ethnicity, reducing individuals to mere genetic profiles. Moreover, the commercialization of DNA testing has led to the creation of a new market for genetic data, which can be sold to third parties for various purposes, including insurance underwriting and marketing.

Another important aspect of Permanent Markers is the debate over the antiracist potential of genetic science. While some scholars argue that genetic research can help to dismantle harmful stereotypes and promote greater understanding of race and ethnicity, others caution against the oversimplification of genetic traits and the potential for genetic discrimination. For example, studies have shown that certain genetic variants associated with race can be misleading and can reinforce existing biases rather than challenge them.

Permanent Markers also explores the promises and pitfalls of using DNA as a source of objective knowledge about the past. While DNA testing can provide valuable insights into historical events and migrations, it is important to recognize that genetics is not a perfect science. Genetic variations can be influenced by a wide range of factors, including environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and historical events. Moreover, the interpretation of genetic data can be subjective and can be influenced by cultural and social norms.

In Brazil, DNA ancestry testing has played a significant role in shaping public discourse on race and identity. The country has a complex history of slavery and colonialism, and the legacy of these practices continues to be felt today. DNA testing has provided individuals with a means to trace their ancestral roots and connect with their cultural heritage. However, the commercialization of DNA testing has also led to the emergence of new forms of discrimination and exclusion.

For example, some individuals have been denied access to certain jobs or educational opportunities based on their genetic test results. Moreover, the use of DNA testing in criminal investigations has raised concerns about the potential for genetic profiling and the erosion of individual rights. In response to these concerns, Brazil has implemented policies aimed at promoting the responsible use of DNA testing and protecting the privacy and rights of individuals.

In the United States, DNA ancestry testing has also been used to address issues of race and identity. The country has a long history of racial segregation and discrimination, and the legacy of these practices continues to be felt today. DNA testing has provided individuals with a means to trace their ancestral roots and connect with their cultural heritage. However, the commercialization of DNA testing has also led to the emergence of new forms of discrimination and exclusion.

For example, some individuals have been denied access to certain jobs or educational opportunities based on their genetic test results. Moreover, the use of DNA testing in criminal investigations has raised concerns about the potential for genetic profiling and the erosion of individual rights. In response to these concerns, the United States has implemented policies aimed at promoting the responsible use of DNA testing and protecting the privacy and rights of individuals.

In conclusion, the past two decades have seen a remarkable transformation in DNA ancestry testing, evolving from a niche market to a thriving global industry that empowers individuals to explore profound questions about their identity. While this technology has brought about significant benefits, it has also raised important ethical and social concerns. Permanent Markers seeks to engage these debates by examining the diverse ways in which genomic ancestry testing has been used in Brazil and the United States to address the histories and legacies of slavery. By exploring the complexities of science versus capitalism, race-blind versus race-positive public policies, and the fluidity of identity versus the embodied experiences of racism, the book aims to provide a deeper understanding of why individuals in societies

In conclusion, the past two decades have seen a remarkable transformation in DNA ancestry testing, evolving from a niche market to a thriving global industry that empowers individuals to explore profound questions about their identity. While this technology has brought about significant benefits, it has also raised important ethical and social concerns. Permanent Markers seeks to engage these debates by examining the diverse ways in which genomic ancestry testing has been used in Brazil and the United States to address the histories and legacies of slavery. By exploring the complexities of science versus capitalism, race-blind versus race-positive public policies, and the fluidity of identity versus the embodied experiences of racism, the book aims to provide a deeper understanding of why individuals in societies that have widely embraced the social construction of race continue to seek and find evidence that their bodies bear permanent marks of the past. As we navigate the rapidly evolving landscape of genetic science and technology, it is crucial that we engage in thoughtful and informed discussions about the implications of these developments for our understanding of race, identity, and the past. By doing so, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society that recognizes the diversity and complexity of human experiences and the importance of preserving our shared heritage.

Weight: 448g
Dimension: 155 x 236 x 21 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781469665153