Physiotherapist's Pocketbook: Essential Facts at Your Fingertips

The article covers various medical topics, including pathologies, contraindications to treatment, pharmacology, and biochemical and haematological values. It provides a comprehensive overview of medical information.

Format: Paperback / softback
Publication date: 17 August 2018
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

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Pathologies: A comprehensive list of medical conditions

Contraindications to Treatment: Understanding the factors that may prevent or limit treatment options

Pharmacology Section: An extensive overview of over 150 drugs, including their uses, side effects, and interactions

Biochemical and Haematological Values: Key indicators of health and disease that are measured in the blood

Common Abbreviations: A guide to understanding medical terminology and abbreviations commonly used in healthcare settings

Pathologies:
A comprehensive list of medical conditions encompasses a wide range of health disorders and abnormalities that affect the body. These pathologies can be categorized based on their underlying causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Some common pathologies include:

• Infectious diseases: These are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Examples include tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Infectious diseases can be transmitted through various means, including direct contact, contaminated food or water, and airborne droplets. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, antiviral medications, or antimalarial drugs, depending on the specific pathogen involved.

• Cardiovascular diseases: These encompass a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Examples include coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases are often caused by factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and poor diet. Treatment may include lifestyle modifications, medication, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Neurological disorders: These involve the functioning of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and migraine. Neurological disorders can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or injuries. Treatment may include medication, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Gastrointestinal disorders: These include conditions affecting the digestive system, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and gastritis. Gastrointestinal disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet, infections, allergies, and genetic predisposition. Treatment may include medication, dietary changes, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Respiratory disorders: These include conditions affecting the lungs and airways. Examples include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. Respiratory disorders can be caused by environmental factors, such as smoking, air pollution, and occupational exposure. Treatment may include medication, respiratory therapies, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Endocrine disorders: These involve the functioning of the endocrine system, which is responsible for regulating hormones. Examples include diabetes, thyroid disorders, adrenal insufficiency, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Endocrine disorders can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or hormonal imbalances. Treatment may include medication, dietary changes, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Musculoskeletal disorders: These include conditions affecting the muscles, bones, and joints. Examples include arthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, and muscle strains. Musculoskeletal disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including age, genetics, injury, and overuse. Treatment may include medication, physical therapy, exercise, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Skin disorders: These include conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. Examples include acne, eczema, psoriasis, and skin cancer. Skin disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, environmental factors, and immune system disorders. Treatment may include medication, topical treatments, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and spread of cells. There are many different types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Cancer can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Contraindications to Treatment:
Understanding the factors that may prevent or limit treatment options is crucial in healthcare. Contraindications to treatment can include:

• Allergies: Allergies to certain medications or treatments can cause severe reactions, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Allergy testing is essential before starting any new treatment to identify any potential allergies.

• Pregnancy: Certain medications and treatments may be unsafe for pregnant women, as they can harm the developing fetus. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare provider before taking any medication or undergoing any treatment.

• Age: Age can be a factor in determining the appropriate treatment for certain conditions. For example, older adults may be more susceptible to side effects of certain medications, and may require different treatment approaches than younger individuals.

• Medical history: A person's medical history can affect the choice of treatment for a current condition. For example, individuals with a history of heart disease may be contraindicated for certain medications that can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

• Organ function: Certain medications or treatments may be contraindicated for individuals with impaired organ function, such as liver or kidney disease.

• Drug interactions: Certain medications can interact with each other, causing side effects or reducing the effectiveness of the treatment. It is important to disclose all medications and supplements you are taking to your healthcare provider to avoid potential drug interactions.

Pharmacology Section:
The pharmacology section provides an extensive overview of over 150 drugs, including their uses, side effects, and interactions. These drugs are used to treat a wide range of conditions, from infectious diseases to cardiovascular diseases. Some common drugs used in healthcare include:

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Examples include penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin. Antibiotics are typically taken orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection.

• Antiviral medications: Antiviral medications are used to treat infections caused by viruses. Examples include acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. Antiviral medications are typically taken orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection.

• Antidepressants: Antidepressants are used to treat depression and anxiety. Examples include fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram. Antidepressants are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Antihypertensives: Antihypertensives are used to treat high blood pressure. Examples include lisinopril, amlodipine, and benazepril. Antihypertensives are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Antipsychotics: Antipsychotics are used to treat psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Examples include risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine. Antipsychotics are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Pain relievers: Pain relievers are used to relieve pain and inflammation. Examples include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Pain relievers are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants are used to suppress the immune system in individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Examples include methotrexate, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Immunosuppressants are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Hormonal medications: Hormonal medications are used to treat hormonal disorders, such as infertility, menopause, and thyroid disorders. Examples include estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. Hormonal medications are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Gastrointestinal medications: Gastrointestinal medications are used to treat digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Examples include loperamide, mesalazine, and budesonide. Gastrointestinal medications are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Anticoagulants: Anticoagulants are used to prevent blood clots in individuals with conditions such as atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis. Examples include warfarin, heparin, and enoxaparin. Anticoagulants are typically taken orally, but some may be administered via injection or infusion.

• Insulin: Insulin is used to treat diabetes. It is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is typically administered via injection or infusion.

• Oral hypoglycemic agents: Oral hypoglycemic agents are used to treat diabetes. They are medications that help regulate blood sugar levels. Examples include metformin, glipizide, and glipizide XR. Oral hypoglycemic agents are typically taken orally.

• Insulin pumps: Insulin pumps are devices that deliver insulin to individuals with diabetes. They are typically used in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic agents. Insulin pumps are typically administered via infusion.

• Insulin injections: Insulin injections are used to treat diabetes. They are medications that deliver insulin directly into the bloodstream. Insulin injections are typically administered subcutaneously.

• Biologics: Biologics are medications that are derived from living organisms. Examples include infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept. Biologics are typically administered via injection or infusion.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is typically used to treat cancer that has spread beyond the primary site. Chemotherapy is typically administered intravenously.

• Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses radiation to kill cancer cells. It is typically used to treat cancer that has not responded to other treatments. Radiation therapy is typically administered intravenously or orally.

• Stem cell transplantation: Stem cell transplantation is a treatment that uses stem cells to replace damaged or diseased cells in the body. It is typically used to treat blood disorders, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Stem cell transplantation is typically administered intravenously.

• Physical therapy: Physical therapy is a treatment that uses exercises, stretches, and other techniques to improve mobility, strength, and function. It is typically used to treat conditions such as arthritis, back pain, and stroke. Physical therapy is typically administered in a healthcare setting.

• Speech therapy: Speech therapy is a treatment that helps individuals improve their speech and language skills. It is typically used to treat conditions such as aphasia, dysarthria, and stuttering. Speech therapy is typically administered in a healthcare setting.

• Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy is a treatment that helps individuals improve their ability to perform daily activities. It is typically used to treat conditions such as arthritis, back pain, and stroke. Occupational therapy is typically administered in a healthcare setting.

• Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is a treatment that helps individuals improve their mental health and well-being. It is typically used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychotherapy is typically administered in a healthcare setting.

• Nutritional therapy: Nutritional therapy is a treatment that uses nutrition to improve health and well-being. It is typically used to treat conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Nutritional therapy is typically administered in a healthcare setting.

• Lifestyle modifications: Lifestyle modifications are changes in behavior that can improve health and well-being. Examples include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and increasing physical activity. Lifestyle modifications are typically recommended as part of a treatment plan for many conditions.

• Common Abbreviations:
Understanding medical terminology and abbreviations commonly used in healthcare settings can be helpful in navigating the healthcare system. Some common abbreviations used in healthcare include:

• BMI: Body mass index, which is a measure of body fatness.

• BPM: Beats per minute, which is a measure of heart rate.

• CPT: Current Procedural Terminology, which is a coding system used by healthcare providers to bill for medical services.

• DPT: Doctor of Physical Therapy, which is a professional degree for physical therapists.

• IV: Intravenous, which refers to the delivery of medication or fluids through a vein.

• LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, which is a type of cholesterol that can increase the risk of heart disease.

• NPO: Nothing by mouth, which means that a patient is not allowed to eat or drink before a medical procedure.

• OA: Osteoarthritis, which is a type of arthritis that affects the joints.

• PID: Pelvic inflammatory disease, which is an infection of the reproductive organs.

• PT: Physical therapy, which is a treatment that uses exercises, stretches, and other techniques to improve mobility, strength, and function.

• TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates the metabolism of the body.

• VTE: Venous thromboembolism, which is a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein.

• WBC: White blood cell, which is a type of cell that helps the body fight infection.

• BMI: Body mass index, which is a measure of body fatness.

• BPM: Beats per minute, which is a measure of heart rate.

• CPT: Current Procedural Terminology, which is a coding system used by healthcare providers to bill for medical services.

• DPT: Doctor of Physical Therapy, which is a professional degree for physical therapists.

• IV: Intravenous, which refers to the delivery of medication or fluids through a vein.

• LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, which is a type of cholesterol that can increase the risk of heart disease.

• NPO: Nothing by mouth, which means that a patient is not allowed to eat or drink before a medical procedure.

• OA: Osteoarthritis, which is a type of arthritis that affects the joints.

• PID: Pelvic inflammatory disease, which is an infection of the reproductive organs.

• PT: Physical therapy, which is a treatment that uses exercises, stretches, and other techniques to improve mobility, strength, and function.

• TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates the metabolism of the body.

• VTE: Venous thromboembolism, which is a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein.

• WBC: White blood cell, which is a type of cell that helps the body fight infection.

Weight: 340g
Dimension: 112 x 155 x 21 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780702055065
Edition number: 3 Revised edition