Progress, Pluralism, and Politics: Liberalism and Colonialism, Past and Present

Liberal thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were aware of the political costs and human cruelties of European colonialism but saw progressive possibilities. David Williams explores the colonial and anti-colonial arguments of Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Bentham, and L.T. Hobhouse in his book "Progress, Pluralism, and Politics." He reveals the central ambiguities of liberal thought in dealing with an illiberal world, such as appeals to universal history, attempts to mediate between identity and difference, and different ways of thinking about achieving liberal goods in other places.

Format: Hardback
Length: 224 pages
Publication date: 17 December 2020
Publisher: McGill-Queen's University Press

Liberal thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were acutely aware of the political consequences and human suffering associated with European colonialism, yet they also saw progressive potential in European expansion. In his book "Progress, Pluralism, and Politics," David Williams delves into the colonial and anti-colonial arguments of renowned thinkers such as Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Bentham, and L.T. Hobhouse. Williams explores the complex and nuanced attitudes of these thinkers towards European conquest and colonial rule, situated within a web of tensions. These tensions involve the impact of colonialism on European states, the possibilities for progress in distant and diverse regions, and the interplay between universalism and cultural pluralism. By examining these tensions, Williams uncovers some of the central ambiguities that shape how liberal thought has grappled with the reality of an illiberal world.

One significant aspect of this exploration is the appeal to various forms of universal history. Liberal thinkers sought to understand the historical trajectory of human societies and to draw lessons from past experiences. They argued that universal history could provide a framework for understanding the diverse cultures and societies encountered during colonialism and that it could guide the development of more inclusive and equitable policies.

Another important theme in the book is the attempt to mediate between the claims of identity and the reality of difference. Liberal thinkers recognized that colonialism often resulted in the erasure of local cultures and identities, and they sought to find ways to preserve and celebrate diversity while promoting universal human rights. This involved complex negotiations and compromises, as liberal states sought to balance the demands of their citizens with the interests of colonial subjects.

The book also explores different approaches to thinking about the achievement of liberal goods in other places. Liberal thinkers recognized that the pursuit of progress and development was not limited to Europe and that other regions could also benefit from liberal ideals. They argued that colonialism could be a means of spreading liberal values and institutions, but they also recognized the need for local ownership and participation in the development process.

Progress, Pluralism, and Politics contributes significantly to the ongoing debates within liberal states about their relationship with illiberal places. The book highlights the complexities and contradictions inherent in liberalism's engagement with colonialism and provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities that arise from this complex historical relationship. By examining the colonial and anti-colonial arguments of these influential thinkers, Williams offers a nuanced and empathetic perspective on the complexities of liberalism and colonialism, enriching our understanding of political thought and the relationship between liberalism and colonialism.

Dimension: 229 x 152 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780228004080