Proteostasis and Proteolysis

Proteostasis controls protein biogenesis, trafficking, folding, and degradation, and this book focuses on two protein breakdown/degradation processes: the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Chapter 2 is available for free download.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 251 pages
Publication date: 29 January 2024
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd

Proteostasis is a complex web of biological pathways that orchestrate the intricate processes of protein biogenesis, trafficking, folding, and degradation. Within this intricate network, two crucial protein breakdown/degradation processes come to the forefront: proteolysis, which forms an integral part of a well-functioning proteostatic system.

Proteolysis refers to the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments through the action of enzymes known as proteases. These proteases play a vital role in various cellular functions, including tissue remodeling, immune response, and the regulation of protein levels. There are two main types of proteolysis: autolytic and non-autolytic. Autolytic proteolysis occurs within the cell, utilizing the cell's own enzymes, while non-autolytic proteolysis requires the involvement of external proteases.

One of the most well-studied proteolytic systems is the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This intricate pathway involves the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the proteasome. Ubiquitin is a small protein that can be added to proteins in a three-step process: activation, conjugation, and degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a critical role in regulating protein stability, turnover, and cellular signaling.

Autophagy is another important protein breakdown/degradation process. During autophagy, the cell engulfs its own components, including damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and cytoplasmic debris. The engulfed material is then transported to a specialized compartment called the lysosome, where it is broken down by enzymes. Autophagy is a vital mechanism for cellular homeostasis, as it helps to clear away waste products and maintain the proper functioning of cellular processes.

In conclusion, proteostasis is a dynamic and intricate process that involves the coordination of multiple biological pathways to control protein biogenesis, trafficking, folding, and degradation. Proteolysis, specifically autolytic and non-autolytic proteolysis, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating various cellular processes. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy are two prominent protein breakdown/degradation processes that are integral to a healthy and functioning proteostatic system.

Weight: 453g
Dimension: 254 x 178 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9780367499334