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Aaron Sherraden

Sambuka and the Ramayana Tradition: A History of Motifs and Motives in South Asia

Sambuka and the Ramayana Tradition: A History of Motifs and Motives in South Asia

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  • More about Sambuka and the Ramayana Tradition: A History of Motifs and Motives in South Asia


The book explores the Śambūka episode in the Sanskrit Rāmāyaṇa, which portrays him as a Śūdra who violates social norms and is sent to kill him. The episode is criticized by subsequent Rāmāyaṇa poets for blemishing Rāma's character. The book spans two millennia and examines the social, religious, legal, and artistic connections of the episode across Indian history and social revolution.

Format: Hardback
Length: 238 pages
Publication date: 01 August 2023
Publisher: Anthem Press


In the early centuries of the Common Era, as per the Sanskrit Rāmāyaṇa attributed to Vālmīkis, Śambūka engaged in rigorous acts of austerity with the ultimate goal of attaining heaven. However, by performing these acts as a Śūdra, Śambūka violated the strict class- and caste-based societal norms that were exclusively dictated by the ruling and religious elite. The protagonist of the Rāmāyaṇa epic, Rāma, is sent on a mission to assassinate Śambūka, whose transgression is believed to be responsible for the demise of a young Brahmins life. Upon hearing of Śambūkas death, the gods rejoice and restore the life of the Brahmins. Subsequent Rāmāyaṇa poets, almost immediately, perceived this incident as a blemish on Rāmas character, leading them to question and challenge the earliest version of the story. They modified and revised the narrative to align with the expectations and sensibilities of their respective audiences. The works examined in this study encompass a wide range of compositions originating from Hindu, Jain, Dalit, and non-Brahmin communities, spanning from Śambūkas initial appearance in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa to the present day. The book follows the Śambūka episode chronologically throughout its entire history, approximately spanning two millennia, to elucidate the profound social, religious, legal, and artistic connections that permeate the entire expanse of the Rāmāyaṇas influence and its significance throughout various phases of Indian history and social revolution.

Weight: 454g
Dimension: 229 x 153 x 26 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781839984693

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