Smoothing the Jew: "Abie the Agent" and Ethnic Caricature in the Progressive Era

In the 19th century, anti-immigration and nativist sentiments in the US led to derogatory caricatures of Jewish immigrants. Jewish artists responded by creating a Jewish protagonist in Harry Hershfield's Abie the Agent, who reassured nativists of assimilation while encouraging immigrants to retain their identity.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 208 pages
Publication date: 14 June 2024
Publisher: Rutgers University Press

The United States experienced a significant influx of immigrants at the turn of the nineteenth century, accompanied by a rise in anti-immigration and nativist sentiments among the more established population. Jewish immigrants, in particular, often faced widespread hostility, being admired for their perceived economic and social achievements while simultaneously causing anxiety. This hostility often manifested in derogatory caricatures in theater and print.

In response to these negative portrayals, Jewish artists sought to challenge and mitigate the impact of these demeaning images. One notable example is the examination of Harry Hershfields Abie the Agent, the first Jewish comic strip published in English. Jeffrey Marx, in his book Smoothing the Jew, explores how Hershfield crafted a Jewish protagonist who, while seeking assimilation into American society, also provided reassurance to nativists about the Jews' potential for integration. At the same time, Hershfield's comic strip encouraged immigrants and their children to embrace American customs while maintaining their distinct Jewish identity.

Through his work, Hershfield aimed to challenge stereotypes and promote a more inclusive and positive representation of Jewish immigrants in American culture. His creation of Abie the Agent played a significant role in challenging anti-Semitic attitudes and fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of Jewish culture within American society.

Weight: 286g
Dimension: 229 x 152 x 15 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9781978836341