The Apple Genome

This book covers a wide range of topics related to the genetic improvement of the apple,including economics,botany,taxonomy,origin,germplasm resources,cytogenetics and nuclear DNA,genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars,rootstocks,genetic and physical mapping,genomic resources,genome and epigenome,regulatory sequences,utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection,flowering and juvenility,cold hardiness and dormancy,fruit color development,fruit acidity and sugar content,metabolomics,biology and genomics of the microbiome,apple domestication,and other 'omics opportunities and challenges.
The book covers a wide range of topics related to the genetic improvement of the apple, including economics, botany, taxonomy, origin, germplasm resources, cytogenetics and nuclear DNA, genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars, rootstocks, genetic and physical mapping, genomic resources, genome and epigenome, regulatory sequences, utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection, flowering and juvenility, cold hardiness and dormancy, fruit color development, fruit acidity and sugar content, metabolomics, biology and genomics of the microbiome, apple domestication, and other 'omics opportunities and challenges.

Format: Paperback / softback
Length: 412 pages
Publication date: 15 July 2022
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The apple tree is a deciduous shrub that typically grows to a height of 10-15 meters. It has a long history of cultivation and has been used for various purposes throughout history. The apple tree is a member of the Rosaceae family and is closely related to other fruit trees,such as the pear,cherry,and plum.
The cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) holds immense importance as one of the most significant tree fruit crops in temperate regions worldwide. Its widespread cultivation and cultivation in North America, Europe, and Asia attest to its immense popularity and economic significance. The apple fruit, renowned for its exceptional flavor, sugar and acid content, metabolites, aroma, and overall texture and palatability, has captured the hearts of consumers across the globe. Moreover, it serves as a valuable source of essential nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, and dietary fiber, making it a nutritious and healthful choice.

The apple tree, a deciduous shrub, typically reaches heights of 10-15 meters. With a rich history of cultivation spanning centuries, it has been utilized for diverse purposes throughout history. The apple tree belongs to the Rosaceae family, sharing close genetic relationships with other fruit trees like the pear, cherry, and plum.

This comprehensive book delves into various aspects of the apple, encompassing economics, botany, taxonomy, origin, germplasm resources, cytogenetics and nuclear DNA, genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars, genetic and genomic improvement efforts of rootstocks, genetic and physical mapping, genomic resources, genome and epigenome, regulatory sequences, utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection, flowering and juvenility, cold hardiness and dormancy, fruit color development, fruit acidity and sugar content, metabolomics, biology and genomics of the microbiome, apple domestication, as well as other 'omics opportunities and challenges for genetic improvement of the apple.

The economics of apple production play a crucial role in understanding the industry's dynamics and profitability. The book explores the market trends, consumer preferences, pricing structures, and trade regulations that shape the apple market. It also examines the economic impact of apple cultivation on rural communities, employment opportunities, and overall economic development.

Botany provides a fundamental understanding of the apple tree's biology, growth, and development. It covers topics such as the anatomy of the apple fruit, flower structure, pollination, fruit ripening, and post-harvest handling. The book also discusses the genetic diversity and evolution of the apple tree, as well as the role of genetics in determining its traits and characteristics.

Taxonomy is the study of the classification and identification of living organisms. In the context of the apple, taxonomy involves the classification of different apple cultivars, varieties, and species. The book provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of various apple taxa, their characteristics, and their evolutionary relationships.

Origin and evolution of the apple tree are closely intertwined with the history and culture of human civilization. The book explores the ancient origins of apple cultivation, the spread of apple trees across different regions, and the development of different apple varieties. It also discusses the genetic and genomic changes that have occurred over time, leading to the diverse range of apple cultivars we see today.

Germplasm resources play a vital role in the genetic improvement of the apple tree. The book discusses the collection, characterization, and evaluation of apple germplasm. It covers topics such as the establishment of germplasm banks, the maintenance of genetic diversity, and the use of modern technologies for germplasm evaluation and selection.

Cytogenetics and nuclear DNA are important tools for studying the genetic makeup and structure of the apple tree. The book explores the techniques used for cytogenetic analysis, such as chromosome counting, karyotyping, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It also discusses the application of nuclear DNA markers, such as microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in genetic improvement efforts.

Genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars focus on enhancing the traits and characteristics of the apple fruit. The book discusses the selection, breeding, and evaluation of scion cultivars with desirable traits, such as flavor, texture, color, and disease resistance. It also explores the use of modern technologies, such as molecular markers and genomic selection, in the genetic improvement of scion cultivars.

Genetic and genomic improvement efforts of rootstocks are crucial for improving the stability and productivity of apple trees. The book discusses the selection, breeding, and evaluation of rootstocks with desirable traits, such as disease resistance, soil fertility, and vigor. It also explores the use of modern technologies, such as molecular markers and genomic selection, in the genetic improvement of rootstocks.

Genetic and physical mapping is a powerful tool for identifying and mapping genetic loci responsible for important traits in the apple tree. The book discusses the techniques used for genetic and physical mapping, such as pedigree analysis, molecular markers, and genotyping. It also discusses the application of these techniques in the identification of genetic markers associated with traits of interest, such as fruit color, disease resistance, and fruit quality.

Genomic resources provide a wealth of information about the apple tree's genome and epigenome. The book discusses the techniques used for genomic sequencing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). It also discusses the application of genomic data in understanding gene expression, genetic variation, and epigenetic regulation.

Genome and epigenome are important for understanding the genetic basis of traits and characteristics in the apple tree. The book discusses the techniques used for genome and epigenome analysis, such as DNA sequencing, microarray analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of traits such as fruit color, disease resistance, and fruit quality.

Regulatory sequences play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and determining the traits and characteristics of the apple tree. The book discusses the techniques used for regulatory sequence analysis, such as RNA sequencing, microarray analysis, and ChIP-seq. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the regulatory networks underlying traits of interest, such as fruit color development and fruit ripening.

Utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection is a rapidly evolving field with significant potential for genetic improvement of the apple tree. The book discusses the techniques used for whole-genome sequencing, such as NGS and WGS. It also discusses the application of these techniques in identifying genetic loci responsible for traits of interest, such as fruit color and disease resistance.

Flowering and juvenility are important traits in the apple tree, as they determine the timing of fruit production and the quality of the fruit. The book discusses the techniques used for flowering and juvenility analysis, such as phenotyping, genotyping, and molecular markers. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of flowering and juvenility traits, such as flower morphology and fruit set.

Cold hardiness and dormancy are important traits in cold-winter regions, as they determine the survival and productivity of apple trees. The book discusses the techniques used for cold hardiness and dormancy analysis, such as phenotyping, genotyping, and molecular markers. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of cold hardiness and dormancy traits, such as cold acclimation and dormancy release.

Fruit color development is a complex trait that involves multiple genetic loci and environmental factors. The book discusses the techniques used for fruit color development analysis, such as phenotyping, genotyping, and molecular markers. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of fruit color traits, such as anthocyanin content and hue.

Fruit acidity and sugar content are important traits in determining the flavor and quality of the apple fruit. The book discusses the techniques used for fruit acidity and sugar content analysis, such as titration, chromatography, and molecular markers. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of fruit acidity and sugar content traits, such as malic acid content and sugar content.

Metabolomics is a powerful tool for understanding the metabolic pathways and processes involved in the production of apple fruit. The book discusses the techniques used for metabolomics analysis, such as mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the metabolic pathways underlying traits of interest, such as fruit flavor and disease resistance.

Biology and genomics of the microbiome are important for understanding the interactions between the apple tree and its environment. The book discusses the techniques used for microbiome analysis, such as metagenomics and 16S rRNA sequencing. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the interactions between the apple tree and its microbiome, such as nutrient cycling and disease resistance.

Apple domestication is a significant event in human history, as it led to the development of the cultivated apple tree. The book discusses the techniques used for apple domestication analysis, such as phylogenetic analysis and genetic markers. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of apple domestication, such as the selection of desirable traits and the development of new varieties.

Other 'omics opportunities and challenges for genetic improvement of the apple are a rapidly evolving field with significant potential for advancing our understanding of the apple tree and its genetic potential. The book discusses the techniques used for other 'omics analysis, such as proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics. It also discusses the application of these techniques in understanding the genetic basis of traits of interest, such as fruit flavor and disease resistance.

In conclusion, the cultivated apple is a remarkable tree fruit crop with immense economic and nutritional value. This comprehensive book provides a wealth of information on various aspects of the apple, encompassing economics, botany, taxonomy, origin, germplasm resources, cytogenetics and nuclear DNA, genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars, genetic and genomic improvement efforts of rootstocks, genetic and physical mapping, genomic resources, genome and epigenome, regulatory sequences, utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection, flowering and juvenility, cold hardiness and dormancy, fruit color development, fruit acidity and sugar content, metabolomics, biology and genomics of the microbiome, apple domestication, as well as other 'omics opportunities and challenges for genetic improvement of the apple. By understanding the genetics and genomics of the apple tree, we can better exploit its potential for genetic improvement and contribute to the sustainable production of this important crop.

Weight: 832g
Dimension: 254 x 178 (mm)
ISBN-13: 9783030746841
Edition number: 1st ed. 2021