Phytochemistry of Withania somnifera

Withania is a genus of nightshade plants found in subtropical regions, with two species in India. W. somnifera is the most common and has various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory effects. A quantitative analysis of six major withanolides in different plant parts of WS was performed, showing that NMITLI-135 had the highest abundance at pH 8.5, EC-0.5 dS m−1, and ESP-13 in sodic soil. This method is useful for quality control of raw materials and finished products.

\n Format: Hardback
\n Length: 76 pages
\n Publication date: 11 November 2021
\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
\n

Withania, belonging to the nightshade family of flowering plants, thrives in the subtropical regions spanning from the Mediterranean to South East Asia. In India, this genus is home to only two species: W. somnifera and W. coagulans. Among these, W. somnifera (WS) stands out as the most prevalent, naturally occurring across a vast range of subtropical regions, including the Mediterranean, Africa, the Middle East, the Indian Continent, Sri Lanka, South East Asia, subtropical America, and Australia. This perennial shrub reaches a height of 75 cm (.75 m) with tomentose branches, oval yellowish green leaves, orange red berries, and a papery calyx. Notably, WS exhibits remarkable resilience to harsh climatic conditions, making it a valuable herb in Ayurveda.

The primary bioactive constituents of WS are withanolides (steroidal lactones), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, phenolics, and other compounds. Among these, withanolide A, withaferin A, withanone, and withanolide D are the most abundant, exhibiting diverse activities. WS is revered as a wonder herb due to its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. These include antioxidant, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, antiulcerogenic, antivenom, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antitumor, hemopoetic neuroregenerative, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, radio-sensitizing, rejuvenating, antistress, sedative, hypoglycemic, thyroprotective, adaptogenic, antispasmodic, immunomodulatory, immunostimulant, and antiaging effects.

In a recent study, a simultaneous quantitative analysis of six major bioactive withanolides in five varieties of WS and in different plant parts (root, stem, and leaf) of WS was successfully accomplished. This method holds great potential for quality control in commercially formulated products that contain WS. By employing this analytical approach, researchers can ensure the consistent presence and concentration of these beneficial compounds, providing assurance to consumers about the efficacy and safety of these herbal remedies.

In conclusion, Withania is a remarkable genus of flowering plants with a rich pharmacological profile. W. somnifera, in particular, stands out as a versatile and resilient herb with numerous health benefits. Its bioactive constituents, particularly withanolides, have been extensively studied and validated for their therapeutic properties. The simultaneous quantitative analysis of these compounds in WS and its plant parts offers valuable insights into the quality and efficacy of commercially formulated products containing this herb. As research continues to unravel the secrets of Withania, it is likely to emerge as a valuable asset in the field of herbal medicine and healthcare.

\n Weight: 236g\n
Dimension: 142 x 222 x 14 (mm)\n
ISBN-13: 9781032030197\n \n